Abstract: Long-term exposure to high temperature considerably accelerates the degradation of the electrical properties of piezoelectric ceramic components, which greatly affects their service life. In this study, lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic components were subjected to long-term aging treatment at 85, 125, and 150 ℃, and the degradation law and micro-mechanism of the electrical properties of the PZT ceramic components were studied and analyzed during the high-temperature aging. The piezoelectric and dielectric constants both degraded significantly with an extended aging cycle. The initial degradation rate was slow, whereas the later degradation accelerated and gradually stabilized. The rates of degradation of the dielectric and piezoelectric constants both conformed to the Boltzmann law. The maximum dielectric constant degradation rates reached 31.01% and 36.48%, and the maximum piezoelectric constant degradation rates reached 11.57% and 19.02% at 85 ℃ and 125 ℃, respectively, after aging treatment for 49 days. The dielectric performance degradation of the PZT piezoelectric components was mainly attributed to the following: degradation of the internal structure of the Ag electrode on the surface, weakening of the Ag/PZT interface, and depolarization of the PZT ceramic, with the latter two being the dominant factors. The long-term high-temperature effect promoted the gradual and slow oxidation of the Ag electrode in generating Ag2S, and crystal grain shrinkage produced numerous pores. This in turn led to a decrease in the density of the Ag electrode and delamination of the Ag/PZT interface, which reduced the permittivity. In addition, the long-term high temperature accelerated the process whereby PZT ceramic domains were transformed into disordered states. It also promoted the displacement of oxygen vacancy to pin the domain wall and led to complete degradation of the dielectric performance of the PZT piezoelectric components.
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2023, Vol. 37 
