Microalloyed cast steels with different amount of niobium (Nb) were produced by medium frequency induction furnace. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to investigate the effect of microalloying element Nb on microstructure, strength and toughness of low carbon cast steels. The results indicated that the grain size of low carbon cast steels were refined by 20.8%—34.6% and fine NbC particles were formed by niobium addition. Meanwhile, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and room temperature toughness of the microalloyed steels were improved significantly. Grain refining and precipitation were proved to be the main strengthening mechanisms. When the content of Nb was 0.044 wt%, the YS, UTS and impact energy of the microalloyed steel were 350 MPa, 520 MPa and 119.7 J, respectively. They were improved by 20.7%, 7.2% and 25.6% with retained ductility, respectively, as compared to Nb-free steel.
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