Abstract: With the aging of the population and the younger of the disease, the number of hip joint lesions, such as femoral head necrosis, arthritis, etc, has rised over the years, because of which the pain and inconvenience of the patients are increased. But an effective way for patients to eliminate pain, resume normal joint activity and function is provides by artificial hip replacement.
At present, the commonly used artificial hip joint is composed of liner made of Ultra?high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) and femoral head made of metal. UHMWPE has the advantages of good mechanical properties, wear resistance and biocompatibility, by contrary, UHMWPE is still the weakest component part in artificial joints, its wear particles are produced due to continuously contact friction with metals, which further leads to osteolysis and aseptic loosening, until inflammation.For this proble, UHMWPE is modified by filling nano?materials and irradiation crosslinking, and the post?treatment process is included. Although the wear resistance of UHMWPE is improved to a certain extent by the special structure of nano?filler and transformation from the linear UHMWPE to three?dimensional crosslinked network, the wear particles are not elimi?nated, the biocompatibility is not improved significantly, and the degree of modification is limited by the decline of mechanical properties. Subsequently, chemical grafting modification technology of UHMWPE is applied. By grafting, the lubrication, wear resistance of the matrix are improved, and the mechanical properties of matrix are affected faintly, the structure similar to natural cartilage is obtained, thus the service life of the artificial joint is prolonged.
In this paper, the principle of irradiation modification, grafting modification of UHMWPE and hydration lubrication of polymer brushes are introduced. Then, the grafting modification methods of 2?methacryloxyethyl phosphatidylcholine (MPC), sulfobetaine (SB), polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (PVA?H) and other organic compounds on UHMWPE, and their effects on lubrication, friction and wear, biocompatibility are introduced in detail. The clinical results of UHMWPE, cross?linked UHMWPE and grafted UHMWPE are compared simply. Finally, the future research of hip pro?sthesis in the liner, femoral head and clinical application is expected.
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