Methods of Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Aerogels: a Review
LI Longlong, LI Liangjun, FENG Junzong, JIANG Yonggang, FENG Jian
Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Abstract: As a new type of porous carbon materials derived from organic aerogels, carbon aerogels not only have many excellent properties inherited from traditional aerogels, such as low density, high porosity, high specific surface area and low thermal conductivity of traditional aerogel, but also exhibit a series of specific advantages including acid and alkali resistance, ultra-high temperature resistance in inert atmosphere, and good electrical conductivity according to some current research. Therefore, carbon aerogels have displayed a broad application prospect in the fields of ultra-high temperature thermal insulation, electrochemistry, adsorption, hydrogen storage and so on. However, pure carbon aerogels are brittle and fragile, which severely limits its practical engineering application. This paper mainly reviews worldwide efforts on mechanically enhancing carbon aerogels in recent years from two aspects — strengthening aerogel skeleton (e.g. preparation process optimization, polymer cross-linking, construction of multiple network skeleton structure), and introducing reinforcements (including fibers and carbon nanomaterials). Besides, it also provides a discussion on the future research trends.
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