Research Progress and Development Trend of Tritium Breeder Materials Preparation Technology for Fusion Reactors
WANG Hao1, LI Guangzhong1, GE Yuan1, LIU Bo2, LIN Liwei2, YANG Baojun1, LI Yaning1, JING Peng1
1 State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China 2 Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
Abstract: Fusion energy is the possible ultimate solution to the energy crisis. It has many advantages such as clean and safe. Tritium breeder material is one of the most important materials in fusion reactors, but it exists scarce in nature. How to prepare tritium by nuclear reaction and make it self-sustaining is one of the key technologies to be verified and one of three major issues in fusion engineering reactor. Tritium self-sustaining is achieved by the neutron,which product by the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction, bombard lithium-containing tritium breeder materials. Commonly used breeder materials include liquid lithium-containing metal and solid lithium-containing ceramics. At present, solid ceramic breeder is mainly considered in the design of demonstration reactor, which include lithium silicate (Li4SiO4), lithium titanate (Li2TiO3), lithium zirconate (Li2ZrO3), lithium oxide (Li2O), etc. Li4SiO4 pebble was selected as tritium breeder material in the EU helium cooled pebble bed blanket and China helium cooled solid breeder test blanket module. According to past design experience, lithium silicate pebble is also preferred as tritium breeder material in China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). This review offered preparation method of tritium breeder — the lithium isotope separation, pebble forming process and phase purity control were reviewed. The differences and advantages of these methods were summarized and compared. It was found that the performance of tritium breeder pebble obtained by traditional preparation method was close. With the advancement of research on tritium breeder materials, the performance requirements become ever more stringent. It was not only needed mechanical properties and tritium production performance in fusion reactor, but also needs to pay attention to tritium release performance and safety.In addition, the traditional pebble bed structure has some defects, such as low loading density and fragile.On account of fragment pebble will block the channel for tritium release, and influence safety of fusion reactor, therefore, it is urgent to develop a new generation of advanced bree-ding materials with better structure and performance. In this paper, the preparation method of traditional tritium breeder material was reviewed, and the reasons for developing a new type of breeder material pointed out. Finally, the comprehensive performance advantages of the new porous tritium breeders were emphatically expounded and the prospects of new porous tritium breeders were presented.
王昊, 李广忠, 葛渊, 刘波, 林黎蔚, 杨保军, 李亚宁, 荆鹏. 核聚变堆用氚增殖剂材料及其制备技术的研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(15): 15075-15082.
WANG Hao, LI Guangzhong, GE Yuan, LIU Bo, LIN Liwei, YANG Baojun, LI Yaning, JING Peng. Research Progress and Development Trend of Tritium Breeder Materials Preparation Technology for Fusion Reactors. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(15): 15075-15082.
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