1 State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
Abstract: As a new class of materials with excellent properties and different structure compared to traditional crystal metals, amorphous alloys have been attracting great interest from condensed matter physicists and materials scientists. In recent decades, the basic theoretical research and preparation technology of amorphous alloys have made great progress. Amorphous alloys, which posses wide application prospects as structural materials and functional materials, are gradually moving from laboratory to commercial applications and promoting the development of science and technology. To realize the commercial application of a new material, it is necessary to have high productivity and low-cost manufacturing technology of parts. However, as the preparation of amorphous alloys requires rapid cooling rate, high vacuum, high purity raw materials, the cost is relatively high. Moreover, the high strength and high brittleness at room temperature make the amorphous alloys difficult to be machined, while crystallization is easy to occur during the thermoplastic forming process. In brief, it is still difficult to fabricate amorphous alloy parts with large size and complex shape, which seriously restricts the wide application of amorphous alloys. Thus, it has become an important subject for scholars to develop the novel part forming technologies according to the characteristics of amorphous alloy. With the appearance of alloy system with strong amorphous forming ability, the forming technology of amorphous alloy parts has also been greatly developed. At present, the forming technology of amorphous alloys mainly includes casting forming, thermoplastic forming, welding, powder sintering, additive manufacturing technology, etc. The size limit of the formed part spans from nanometer to centimeter, and the complexity, preparation and forming efficiency are also greatly improved. However, each forming technology has some limitations in forming efficiency, size, performance and cost, which makes it difficult to fully realize the industrial production and application of amorphous alloy parts. This paper reviews the latest research progress in the forming technologies of amorphous alloys, including casting, thermoplastic forming, welding, powder sintering and additive manufacturing. The advantages and disadvantages of existing forming technologies and the difficulties in amorphous alloys forming are also analyzed. Finally, it is pointed out that combining of different processing methods and introducing external ene-rgy fields may be important development directions for the fabrication of amorphous alloy parts in the future.
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