Research Progress on Functional Casein-based Composites
AN Wen1,2, MA Jianzhong1,2, XU Qunna1,2
1.National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021 2.Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi’an 710021
Abstract: As a natural protein, casein can be dissolved in both acid and alkali medium. Since the film formed by casein dissolving in ammonia water are resistant to water and spoilage, respectively. So borax and ammonia water are usually used to dissolve casein in industry. However, pristine casein can’t meet the needs of modern industry. Therefore, modification of casein is required. In general, modified casein has the following advantages over unmodified casein: (ⅰ) improved water resistance, (ⅱ) enhanced flexibility of films, (ⅲ) improved microbial stability, (ⅳ) special functions, such as self-cleaning, anti-ultraviolet performance and controlled releasing behaviors. In the early days, casein was modified by introducing polymer monomers to improve its film water resistance or film-forming properties. Howe-ver, with the increasing demand for functionalized products, researchers attempted employing inorganic nanoparticles to modify casein in order to give the special functionality to casein film recently years. Different methods have been used to introduce various nanoparticles in casein system for special functions. Up to now, the successful examples of nanoparticle-modified casein involved nano zinc oxide (ZnO), nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nano ferric oxide (Fe3O4), which can endow casein matrix with antibacterial, self-cleaning and slow releasing properties. Such as, nano-ZnO was introduced into the caprolactam-modified casein matrix by single in-situ polymerization method to prepare casein-based nano-ZnO composite emulsion, which was applied to leather finishing and showed obvious antibacterial properties. Nano-TiO2 was introduced into the polyacrylate-modified casein system by double in-situ polymerization, and the casein-based nano-TiO2 hybrid emulsion applied to leather could endow the system with self-cleaning performance. Nano-Fe3O4 was also designed as a microcapsule structure and coated on casein micelles. Under the action of external magnetic field, it can be applied to the controlled drug release field to give the system a sustained release function. In addition, graphene oxide (GO), montmorillonite (MMT), etc. could also be introduced into the casein system to offer different special functions, which make it more widely available. This article summarizes the research progress on modification methods and functional modification of casein-based composites, mainly introduces casein modified by polymer and inorganic nanoparticles. The application of casein products in various industries since 1993 is also described. At the same time, the development trend of modified casein in the future is prospected, which will provide reference for obtaining functio-nalized casein products in various fields.
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