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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (2): 24110166-8    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24110166
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
无负极锂金属电池电解液的研究进展
余豪1,2, 邓文君2, 王永飞1,*, 罗大为2,*
1 辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁 鞍山 114051
2 深圳职业技术大学材料与环境工程学院,广东 深圳 518055
Research Progress of Electrolyte for Anode-free Lithium Metal Batteries
YU Hao1,2, DENG Wenjun2, WANG Yongfei1,*, LUO Dawei2,*
1 School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning, China
2 School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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摘要 无负极锂金属电池(AFLMBs)因其高能量密度、经济性以及安全性而被视为下一代高能量电池体系的有力候选。这类电池省略了负极活性材料,从而在降低单位成本的同时提升了能量密度。然而,负极处沉积的金属锂极其活泼,易于引发锂枝晶的形成、“死锂”的产生以及与电解液的不良反应,这些因素妨碍了稳定负极界面的形成,并加速了活性锂的损耗,最终导致电池失效。因此,开发有效策略以增强AFLMBs的循环稳定性和锂金属的沉积/剥离可逆性成为了发展的核心目标。针对AFLMBs的改进已经开展了许多工作,包括电解液改性、集流体改性、人工的固体电解质界面(SEI)、正极中过量锂等。电解液作为AFLMBs的核心组分,需通过系统性优化策略,如高浓双盐体系、氟化溶剂设计及固态电解质界面构筑来提升其循环寿命与库仑效率。这些改进通过调控溶剂化结构、优化SEI膜化学组分及抑制锂枝晶生长,为高能量密度AFLMBs的实际应用奠定基础。
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余豪
邓文君
王永飞
罗大为
关键词:  无负极锂金属电池  电解液  锂枝晶  高能量密度    
Abstract: Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are considered strong contenders for the next generation of high-energy battery systems due to their exceptional energy density, cost-effectiveness, and safety. By eliminating the need for cathode active materials, these batteries achieve higher energy density while reducing per-unit costs. However, the metallic lithium deposited at the cathode is highly reactive, prone to the formation of lithium dendrites, the generation of "dead lithium", and adverse reactions with the electrolyte. These issues hinder the formation of a stable cathode interface and accelerate the consumption of active lithium, ultimately leading to battery performance decline. Therefore, developing effective strategies to enhance the cycling stability and the reversibility of lithium metal deposition/stripping in AFLMBs has become a central goal in their development. Numerous efforts have been made to improve these batteries, including modifications to the electrolyte, current collector, artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and excess lithium in the cathode. As the core component of AFLMBs, the electrolyte requires systematic optimization strategies, such as high-concentration dual-salt systems, fluorinated solvent design, and solid-state electrolyte interface engineering, to enhance its cycle life and Coulombic efficiency. These advancements, achieved by modulating solvation structures, optimizing the chemical composition of the SEI, and suppressing lithium dendrite growth, establish a foundational framework for the practical application of high-energy-density AFLMBs.
Key words:  anode-free lithium metal battery    electrolyte    lithium dendrite    high energy density
出版日期:  2026-01-25      发布日期:  2026-01-27
ZTFLH:  TM912  
基金资助: 深圳市稳定支持项目(20220811141844002);广东省普通高校重点领域专项(2024ZDZX3077);广东省先进电池材料研究创新团队项目(2022KCXTD055)
通讯作者:  *王永飞,博士,辽宁科技大学副教授,研究兴趣包括能量转换材料在电化学催化和太阳能电池中的基础应用。wyf8307@ustl.edu.cn;
罗大为,博士,深圳职业技术大学副教授,长期致力于锂离子电池关键材料和无负极锂金属电池的研究。luodw@szpu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  余豪,辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院硕士研究生,深圳职业技术大学材料与环境学院联合培养硕士研究生,在王永飞副教授和罗大为副教授的指导下研究无负极锂金属电池。
引用本文:    
余豪, 邓文君, 王永飞, 罗大为. 无负极锂金属电池电解液的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(2): 24110166-8.
YU Hao, DENG Wenjun, WANG Yongfei, LUO Dawei. Research Progress of Electrolyte for Anode-free Lithium Metal Batteries. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(2): 24110166-8.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24110166  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I2/24110166
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