水泥固化中、低放射性水平废物的机理、应用和挑战:以90Sr为例

doi:10.11896/cldb.24040159

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (8): 24040159-7 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24040159

无机非金属及其复合材料

水泥固化中、低放射性水平废物的机理、应用和挑战:以⁹⁰Sr为例

岳汉威, 杨德博, 崔竹, 朱治国, 于雷, 朱永昌^*

中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司,北京 100024

Mechanism, Application, and Challenges for Cement Solidification of Medium and Low Radioactive Waste: a Case Study of ⁹⁰Sr

YUE Hanwei, YANG Debo, CUI Zhu, ZHU Zhiguo, YU Lei, ZHU Yongchang^*

China Building Materials Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100024, China

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摘要核电站、后处理厂在运行期间会产生大量废液、废树脂、废活性炭和化学泥浆等中、低放射性水平废物。这些废物占据核燃料闭式循环废物总产生量的90%以上,具有毒性大、半衰期长等特点,一旦发生泄漏,将会对生态环境造成严重危害,因此需要对其进行安全高效的处理。水泥固化是处理中、低水平放射性废物最广泛的方法,具有操作简便、工艺简洁和成本低等优点,在过去几十年间得到了普遍的应用。本文以⁹⁰Sr为例,介绍了核素在水泥水化体系中吸附固化的机理和与之适应的相关材料,回顾了利用水泥固化技术处理废树脂、废液和泥浆的研究进展,阐述了当前水泥固化面临的挑战,并对未来需要解决的技术问题进行了展望。

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关键词: 放射性废物水泥固化核素

Abstract: During the operation of nuclear power plants and reprocessing plants, a large amount of medium and low-level radioactive wastes such as waste liquid, waste resin, waste activated carbon, chemical slurry will be generated. Which account for more than 90% of the total amount of nuclear fuel closed cycle waste, and have the characteristics of high toxicity and long half-life. Once the leakage occurs, it will cause serious harm to the ecological environment, so it needs to be treated safely and efficiently. Cement solidification technology is the most widely used method for the treatment of low and medium level radioactive wastes for its advantages of simple operation, simple process and low cost in the past few decades. Taking ⁹⁰Sr nuclide as an example, this summary introduces the mechanism of nuclide adsorption and solidification in cement hydration system and the corresponding materials. In addition, the research status of cement solidification technology for treating waste resin, waste liquid, and slurry is reviewed. Finally, the current challenges are described, and the technology problems that need to be solved in the future are prospected.

Key words: radioactive waste cement solidification nuclide

出版日期: 2025-04-25 发布日期: 2025-04-18

ZTFLH:

TL941

通讯作者: 朱永昌,现任中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司北京分公司副总经理、石英事业部部长、玻璃固化工程技术中心主任,教授级高级工程师,博士研究生导师。研究方向为石英玻璃、核三废处理技术。13520789538@163.com

作者简介: 岳汉威,中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司正高级工程师。主要从事水泥基材料、核三废处理技术等方面的研究工作。

引用本文:

岳汉威, 杨德博, 崔竹, 朱治国, 于雷, 朱永昌. 水泥固化中、低放射性水平废物的机理、应用和挑战:以⁹⁰Sr为例[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(8): 24040159-7.
YUE Hanwei, YANG Debo, CUI Zhu, ZHU Zhiguo, YU Lei, ZHU Yongchang. Mechanism, Application, and Challenges for Cement Solidification of Medium and Low Radioactive Waste: a Case Study of ⁹⁰Sr. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(8): 24040159-7.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24040159 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I8/24040159

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