面向路面径流重金属的生物炭复合滤料制备与净化机理研究

doi:10.11896/cldb.25070056

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (5): 25070056-12 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25070056

生物质助力建筑材料可持续发展

面向路面径流重金属的生物炭复合滤料制备与净化机理研究

寇长江^1,2,*, 许舒翔¹, 花倩³, 吴正光¹, 康爱红¹

1 扬州大学土木与交通学院,江苏扬州 225000;
2 滑铁卢大学土木与环境工程学院,加拿大滑铁卢 N2L 3G1;
3 江苏省华建建设股份有限公司,江苏扬州 225002

Study on the Preparation and Purification Mechanism of Biochar Composite Filter Media for Heavy Metals in Road Runoff

KOU Changjiang^1,2,*, XU Shuxiang¹, HUA Qian³, WU Zhengguang¹, KANG Aihong¹

1 College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China;
2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada;
3 Jiangsu Huajian Construction Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China

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摘要道路建养和交通运输活动引起的径流污染对沿线水土生物的生存和繁衍构成了威胁,为增强道路排水渗滤系统对降雨径流中毒性重金属污染物的净化能力,制备了以玉米秸秆为主材、硅藻土及陶土为辅材、水玻璃和聚氨酯为胶黏剂的生物炭复合滤料,并通过静态/动态吸附试验、微观分析试验及滤柱净化试验研究了复合滤料的吸附特性、吸附机理及净化效果。试验结果表明,适量的硅藻土、陶土可以改善生物炭复合滤料的表面及孔隙物化特性,增强其对重金属的吸附效果;生物炭、硅藻土、陶土质量比为6∶1∶1的生物炭复合滤料对Pb、Zn、Cd的吸附率分别达到71.20%、63.05%、62.38%,且与其他方案产物相比表面微观形貌粗糙,具有高度开放的多孔结构,表面结合了更多的-COOH、-OH等含氧官能团,吸附重金属Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺后出现新的衍射峰;生物炭复合滤料对Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺的吸附速率主要受化学吸附的影响,对Cd²⁺的吸附速率主要受物理吸附的影响,对Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺的最大吸附量分别达到5.827 67 mg/g、4.606 02 mg/g和3.821 70 mg/g;设置粒径级配的生物炭复合滤料对重金属污染物的净化效果优于单一粒径的生物炭复合滤料,按粒径进行分层布置能进一步优化滤料的净化效率和运行性能。基于上述结果,提出了针对道路径流中重金属污染物的生物炭复合滤料的制备与结构优化方法,为从渗滤系统材料与结构角度推动公路径流污染治理提供参考。

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关键词: 道路工程重金属生物炭复合滤料吸附特性净化机理

Abstract: Runoff pollution resulting from road construction, maintenance, and transportation activities poses a threat to the survival and reproduction of aquatic and terrestrial organisms in roadside environments. To improve the purification capacity of road drainage filtration systems for toxic heavy metal pollutants, biochar composite filter media (BCFM) was developed using corn straw biochar, diatomite, syderolife, sodium silicate, and polyurethane. The adsorption characteristics, mechanisms, and purification performance of BCFM were investigated through static and adsorption kinetic experiments, microscopic analyses, and column filtration tests. Results indicate that appropriate proportions of diatomite and syderolife enhance the surface and pore physicochemical properties of BCFM, thereby improving its adsorption capacity for heavy metals. The BCFM with a mass ratio of biochar to diatomite to syderolife of 6∶1∶1 exhibited adsorption rates of 71.20% for Pb, 63.05% for Zn, and 62.38% for Cd. It displayed a rough surface morphology, a highly open porous structure, and an increased presence of oxygen-containing functional groups such as -COOH and -OH. After adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺, new diffraction peaks were observed. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ is predominantly governed by chemical adsorption, whereas that of Cd²⁺ is mainly controlled by physical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities for Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺ were 5.827 67 mg/g, 4.606 02 mg/g, and 3.821 70 mg/g, respectively. BCFM with graded particle sizes demonstrated superior heavy metal purification efficacy compared to uniformly sized media. Layered configurations based on particle size gradation further improved purification efficiency and operational performance. Based on these findings, a method was proposed for the preparation and structural optimization of BCFM targeting heavy metal pollutants. It contributes to the control of road runoff pollution through improved filtration system materials and structural design.

Key words: road engineering heavy metals biochar composite filter media adsorption characteristics purification mechanism

出版日期: 2026-03-10 发布日期: 2026-03-10

ZTFLH:

U414

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(52478476);国家留学基金委公派留学项目(202408320219);江苏高校青蓝工程(JSQL2022);扬州大学高端人才支持计划(YZU2022)

通讯作者: ^*寇长江,工学博士,扬州大学土木与交通学院副教授、博士研究生导师,主要研究生物质材料靶向修饰与封装净化机制、沥青材料改性与跨尺度表征、有机-无机材料微观界面构筑及黏结性能表征等。changjiang.kou@yzu.edu.cn;ckou@uwaterloo.ca

引用本文:

寇长江, 许舒翔, 花倩, 吴正光, 康爱红. 面向路面径流重金属的生物炭复合滤料制备与净化机理研究[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(5): 25070056-12.
KOU Changjiang, XU Shuxiang, HUA Qian, WU Zhengguang, KANG Aihong. Study on the Preparation and Purification Mechanism of Biochar Composite Filter Media for Heavy Metals in Road Runoff. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(5): 25070056-12.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25070056 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I5/25070056

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