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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (2): 25020163-10    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25020163
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
层合碳纤维复合材料拉胀超结构的力学行为研究
赵昌方1,2, Boris Nikitovich Fedulov2, 刘浩1,2,*
1 清华大学航天航空学院,北京 100084
2 莫斯科国立大学力学与数学系,俄罗斯 莫斯科 119991
Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Auxetic Meta-structures Made from Laminated CFRP
ZHAO Changfang1,2, Boris Nikitovich Fedulov2, LIU Hao1,2,*
1 School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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摘要 碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)拉胀超结构凭借其轻质、高强、可设计性等优势,近年来在航空航天领域备受关注。为揭示层合CFRP拉胀超结构的基本力学行为和形成机理,基于经典层合板理论和Euler-Bernoulli梁弯曲理论,分别建立了层合板的二维各向异性本构模型和内凹六边形拉胀超结构的等效弹性力学模型,并结合经过验证的有限元方法预测了CFRP元胞的拉伸、压缩和剪切行为。结果表明,面内拉伸和压缩均呈现出线性行为,且拉压刚度相同,但强度因失效位置不同而不同。面内和面外剪切行为均具有非线性,不同方向上的刚度和强度因变形模式、材料性质和失效模式不同而具有明显差异。侧壁的微观失效形貌包括基体开裂、纤维拔出、纤维断裂等,但面外剪切工况下还会出现局部断裂诱发的分层破坏。面内拉压与面外剪切均呈现出负泊松比效应(Y方向拉压时效果更好),且泊松比理论预测结果接近于模拟结果。面外剪切失效应变约为150%,展现出优异的曲面同向性与抗剪切承载能力。这些结果可为复合材料超结构的功能应用和可控设计提供参考。
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赵昌方
Boris Nikitovich Fedulov
刘浩
关键词:  超材料  超结构  负泊松比  拉胀  复合材料  有限元分析    
Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) auxetic meta-structures have attracted much attention in the aerospace field in recent years due to their advantages of light weight, high strength and designability. To reveal the basic mechanical behaviour of auxetic meta-structures made from laminated CFRP and their formation mechanism, two-dimensional anisotropic constitutive models of laminates and equivalent elastic mecha-nical models of re-entrant hexagonal auxetic meta-structures have been developed based on classical laminate theory and Euler-Bernoulli beam bending theory, respectively. Combined with the validated finite element method, the tensile, compressive and shear behaviour of the CFRP meta-cell were predicted. The results show that the in-plane tensile and compressive behaviours exhibit linear characteristics and have the same stiffness, but their strengths are different due to the different failure locations. Both the in-plane and out-of-plane shear behaviours are nonlinear, and the stiffnesses and strengths in different directions are significantly different due to the different deformation modes, material properties and failure modes. Microscopic failure modes of the sidewalls include matrix cracking, fiber pull-out and fiber fracture, but delamination damage induced by local fracture also occurs under out-of-plane shear conditions. Both in-plane tensile and out-of-plane shear show a negative Poisson’s ratio effect (with the effect being better for Y-direction tension), and the predicted Poisson’s ratios are close to the simulation results. The out-of-plane shear failure strain is about 150%, showing excellent synclastic behaviour and shear bearing capacity. These results can provide a reference for the functional application and controllable design of composite meta-structures.
Key words:  metamaterial    meta-structure    negative Poisson’s ratio    auxetic    composite material    finite element analysis
出版日期:  2026-01-25      发布日期:  2026-01-27
ZTFLH:  O34  
  TB303  
  TQ327  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(12402458);中国博士后科学基金(2024M751640);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20231315);黑龙江省重点研发计划(2023ZX07D03)
通讯作者:  *刘浩,博士,清华大学航天航空学院航空宇航工程系助理研究员。目前主要从事复合材料结构、航空宇航技术等方面的研究。drhaoliu@tsinghua.edu.cn   
作者简介:  赵昌方,博士,清华大学航天航空学院工程力学系助理研究员。目前主要从事复合材料力学、力学超材料方面的研究。
引用本文:    
赵昌方, Boris Nikitovich Fedulov, 刘浩. 层合碳纤维复合材料拉胀超结构的力学行为研究[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(2): 25020163-10.
ZHAO Changfang, Boris Nikitovich Fedulov, LIU Hao. Study on the Mechanical Behaviour of Auxetic Meta-structures Made from Laminated CFRP. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(2): 25020163-10.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25020163  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I2/25020163
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