Abstract: Timber material is sustainable and low carbon, therefore being more and more promoted and applied in the construction industry. Nonetheless, an accurate grasp of the material nonlinearity is important to numerically model and analyze the timber components. In this study, an anisotropic model based on peridynamics was developed and extended to analyze deformation and cracking damage in wood components under dowel bearing loads. Based on ASTM D5764-97a, two types of dowels with diameters of 8 mm and 24 mm were selected to test specimens of glulam dowel joints under parallel and perpendicular grain loading. The main failure results observed included longitudinal splitting along the grain and ductile crushing deformation perpendicular to the grain. Compared to the ductile failure in perpendicular loading, the parallel loading condition was prone to severe brittle splitting. Compared to perpendicular loaded, the bearing strength of the glulam specimens under parallel grain loading with two different diameters increased by 118% and 256%. Under different loading conditions, wood damage extended along the grain direction, and with increasing diameter, the specimen failure became more significant. As the dowel diameter increased from 8 mm to 24 mm, the bearing strength for the parallel and perpendicular grain specimens decreased by 33% and 59%, respectively. Additionally, a PD model for wood was used to numerically simulate the experimental results. The simulated results showed strong agreement with tested data in terms of crack locations and load-displacement curves, with Pearson correlation coefficients exceeding 0.98. The PD model effectively captured the various failure modes, bearing capacities, and mechanical behavior of the dowel-bearing specimens under different conditions.
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2025, Vol. 39 
