聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺气凝胶纤维的制备与性能

doi:10.11896/cldb.22080102

材料导报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (2): 22080102-6 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.22080102

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺气凝胶纤维的制备与性能

李杰¹, 胡祖明^1,2,*, 于俊荣^1,2, 王彦¹, 诸静¹

1 东华大学材料科学与工程学院,上海 201620
2 东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海 201620

Preparation and Properties of Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Aerogel Fibers

LI Jie¹, HU Zuming^1,2,*, YU Junrong^1,2, WANG Yan¹, ZHU Jing¹

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2 State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

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摘要气凝胶纤维具有良好的柔韧性,其织物在可穿戴保温隔热领域受到了人们高度的关注。聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)具有优异的耐热性、耐化学品腐蚀等性能,是制备气凝胶纤维的理想材料。然而,目前利用PPTA纤维(对位芳纶)的纳米纤维分散液制备气凝胶纤维的过程复杂、耗时且成本高,因此本工作通过合成具有良好可加工性的PPTA溶液,利用湿法纺丝和冷冻干燥工艺制备PPTA气凝胶纤维,极大地简化了工艺流程。实验分析表明,通过改变PPTA溶液的浓度可以有效地控制气凝胶纤维的孔结构及机械强度。当PPTA溶液的质量分数为2%时,制得的气凝胶纤维的孔隙率高达94.5%,断裂强度可达7.8 MPa;除此之外,该气凝胶纤维还具有高的比表面积(291 m²/g)和低的热导率,其织物的热导率为29.65 mW/(m·K)。当PPTA溶液的质量分数为5%时,气凝胶纤维的断裂强度高达20.5 MPa。本工作中所制备的气凝胶纤维具有极高的孔隙率、超低的密度和热导率以及良好的力学性能,为新一代保温隔热纺织品的设计和制造开辟了新的途径。

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关键词: 聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA) 湿法纺丝气凝胶纤维保温隔热高温

Abstract: Aerogel fibers have attracted tremendous attention in the field of wearable thermal insulation because of its good flexibility. Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance and other properties, and is an ideal material for preparing aerogel fibers. However, the process of preparing aerogel fibers from aramid nanofiber dispersion suffer from complex, time-consuming and costly, limiting their application in practical conditions. Here, PPTA solution with good processability was synthesized by solution polymerization at low temperature, and then the combine of wet-spinning and freeze drying was used to fabricate PPTA aerogel fibers with excellent weavability. The effects of PPTA solution concentration on the pore structure and mechanical strength of PPTA aerogel fibers were studied. The lowest thermal conductivity (29.65 mW/(m·K)) was attained when the concentration of PPTA solution was 2wt%. Meanwhile, the PPTA aerogel fibers de-monstrate superior mechanical property (7.8 MPa), high specific surface area (291 m²/g) and porosity (94.5%). When the concentration of PPTA solution increases to 5wt%, the breaking strength of the aerogel fibers can achieve 20.5 MPa. This work shows that PPTA solution prepared through the low-temperature-solution polycondensation may offer a rapid approach to achieve excellent mechanical strength, extremely high porosity, ultra-low density and thermal conductivity of PPTA aerogel fibers, allowing for cost-effective and simplified production of stronger PPTA aerogel fibers, which opens up a new way for the design and manufacture of the next generation of thermal insulation textiles.

Key words: poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) wet-spinning aerogel fiber thermal insulation high temperature

出版日期: 2024-01-25 发布日期: 2024-01-26

ZTFLH:

TB324

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3700101)

通讯作者: *胡祖明,东华大学材料科学与工程学院教授、博士研究生导师,纤维材料改性国家重点实验室主要研究人员。主要从事高性能纤维研究工作,先后主持和参与完成包括国家973、863、自然科学基金等国家及省部级和国内外企业委托项目30余项,研究成果获发明专利40余项,并有多项专利实现了产业化转移,在国内外学术杂志和学术会议上发表论文200余篇,包括Chemical Enginee-ring Journal、Materials Chemistry Frontiers等;先后获得国家科技进步二等奖2项、上海市科技进步一等奖3项,纺织工业协会科技一等奖和二等奖各1项,教育部科技进步二等奖1项、桑麻纺织科技二等奖1项。曾赴德国、美国、荷兰等国作访问学者或进行学术交流。hzm@dhu.edu.cn

作者简介: 李杰,2020年6月于天津工业大学获得工学学士学位。现为东华大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在胡祖明教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域包括聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺的合成及其多孔材料的制备、可穿戴保温隔热材料。

引用本文:

李杰, 胡祖明, 于俊荣, 王彦, 诸静. 聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺气凝胶纤维的制备与性能[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(2): 22080102-6.
LI Jie, HU Zuming, YU Junrong, WANG Yan, ZHU Jing. Preparation and Properties of Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Aerogel Fibers. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(2): 22080102-6.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.22080102 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2024/V38/I2/22080102

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