A Review on the Salt Hydrate Thermochemical Heat Storage Materials
YANG Hui1, TONG Lige1,2, YIN Shaowu1,2, WANG Li1,2, HAN Jingxiao3, TANG Zhiwei4, DING Yulong5
1 School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China 2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China 3 Beijing District Heating Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100028,China 4 School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China 5 Birmingham Center of Energy Storage, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Abstract: Thermochemical heat storage materials achieve the storage and release of thermal energy by taking advantage of the destruction and recombination of chemical bonds in the process of chemical reactions. Compared with other heat storage materials, thermochemical heat storage materials exhibit high heat storage density as well as feasibility for long-duration heat storage. As one of the research focuses in the field of thermochemical heat storage, the advantage of salt hydrates for medium-low temperature thermochemical heat storage have been put forth sufficiently. Hydration(dehydration) reaction of pure salt hydrates, such as LiCl, LiBr, CaCl2 with low deliquescence relative humidity, including solid-gas hydration (dehydration), gas-liquid-solid deliquescence(crystallization), and liquid-gas adsorption. The cycle features make it possible to obtain a remarkably higher heat storage density. Some materials that fail to control water absorption appropriately have shown some drawbacks, especially mass transfer limitation within the materials and corrosion issue of metal components in storage units. On the other hand, salt hydrates such as SrBr2and MgSO4 possess high deliquescence relative humidity and expectable heat storage density, but poor heat transfer performance, as well as low porosity and permeability accompany them. The porous matrix salt hydrate composite materials are employed to enhance heat transfer and solve the deliquescence and agglomeration issue. In recent years, a vast scope of theoretical studies and experiments have to be made on the porous matrix salt hydrate composite materials, and lots of composites with high heat storage density and good cycle stability were obtained. Porous matrix is particularly important in the design of porous matrix salt hydrate composite materials. At present, expanded graphite, zeolite, vermiculite, silica gel and activated alumina are widely concerned. The composite materials were formed from LiCl with the addition of expanded graphite, which were applied in a thermochemical energy storage prototype on the scale of 10 kWh. The heat storage density can reach 3 142 kJ/kg. High-stable activated alumina/LiCl composites can obtain the highest heat storage density, which was as high as 1 041.5 kJ/kg with a charging temperature of 120 ℃. The best cycle stability with almost no decrease over 55 cycles was determined for a mixture of MgCl2·MgSO4 dou-ble salt hydrates without porous matrix. In this paper, previous research process on the salt hydrate thermochemical heat storage materials is reviewed including heat and mass transfer performance, cyclic stability and heat storage density based on the theory of reaction kinetic, equilibrium adsorption capacity and chemical reaction equilibrium. Besides, we also pay attention to the problems existing in the salt hydrate thermochemical heat storage materials, which are expected to provide reference for the optimization design of promising candidates salt hydrate thermochemical heat storage materials.
1 The Critical Role of Buildings-Perspectives for the Clean Energy Transition. International Energy Agency, 2019. 2 Kuznik F, Johannes K, Obrecht C, et al. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 94, 576. 3 Devrim A, Sean P C, Saffa R. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 41, 356. 4 Rammelberg H U, Osterland T, Priehs B, et al. Solar Energy, 2016, 136, 571. 5 Gil A, Medrano M, Martorell I, et al. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, 14(1), 31. 6 Hasnain S M. Energy Conversion and Management, 1998, 39(11), 127. 7 Bedin H A, Rosen M A. The Open Renewable Energy Journal, 2011, 4, 42. 8 Lizana J, Chacartegui R, Barrios-Padura A, et al. Applied Energy, 2017, 203, 219. 9 Solé A, Fontanet X, Barreneche C, et al. Solar Energy, 2013, 97, 398. 10 Fopah-Lele A, Kuznik F, Rammelberg H U. Applied Energy, 2015, 154, 447. 11 Clark R, Mehrabadi A, Farid M. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 27, 101145. 12 Solé A, Martorell I, Cabeza L F. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 47, 386. 13 Donkers P A J, Pel L, Adan O C G. Journal of Energy Storage, 2016, 5, 25. 14 Sorin M, Spinner B, Stitou D. Chemicl Engineering Science, 2002, 57, 4243. 15 Yan T, Wang R Z, Li T X, et al. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 43, 13. 16 Zhang Y N, Wang R Z. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 27, 352. 17 Scapino L, Zondag H A, Bael J V, et al. Applied Energy, 2017, 190, 920. 18 Gu Q Z. Numerical simulation and experimental study of magnesium-magnesium hydride themochemical heat storage system. Master’s Thesis, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, 2013(in Chinese). 顾清之. 镁-氢化镁热化学蓄热系统数值模拟和实验研究. 硕士学位论文,上海交通大学,2013. 19 Donkers P A J, Sögütoglu L C, Huinink H P, et al. Applied Energy, 2017, 199, 45. 20 Michel B, Mazet N, Neveu P. Applied Energy, 2014, 129, 177. 21 Michel B, Neveu P, Mazet N. Energy, 2014, 72, 702. 22 Gordeeva L G, Tokarev M M, Aristov Y I. Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 2018, 52, 195. 23 Wen P C, Wei G, Cui X Y, et al. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2016, 62, 192. 24 Essen V, Gores J C, Bleijendaal L P J, et al. In: The Third International Conference of Energy Sustainability. Stockholm, 2009, pp. 19. 25 Rammelberg H U, Schmidt T, Ruck W. Energy Procedia, 2012, 30, 362. 26 Ferchaud C J, Zondag H A, de Boer R. In: International Symposium on Innovative Materials for Processes in Energy Systems. Fukuoka, Japan, 2013, pp. 4. 27 Zhao Y J, Wang R Z, Zhang Y N, et al. Energy, 2016, 115, 129. 28 La Iglesia A. Estudos Geológicos, 2009, 65, 109. 29 Richter M, Habermann E, Siebecke E, et al. Thermochimica Acta, 2018, 659, 136. 30 Xu J X, Li T X, Chao J W, et al. Energy, 2019, 185, 1131. 31 Trausel F, de Jong A J, Cuypers R. Energy Procedia, 2014, 48, 447. 32 Greenspan L. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 1977, 81(1), 89. 33 Wang J Y, Wang R Z, Wang L W. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 100, 893. 34 Yu N, Wang R Z, Lu Z S, et al. Energy, 2014, 67, 468. 35 Cabeza L F, Sole A, Barreneche C. Renewable Energy, 2017, 110, 3. 36 Kirsh Y, Yariv S, Shoval S. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 1987, 32(1), 393. 37 Huang Q Z, Lu G M, Wang J, et al. Metallurgical and Materials Transa-ctions A—Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science,2010,41(5),1059. 38 Kashani-Nejad S, Ng K W, Harris R. Metallurgical and Materials Tran-sactions B—Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 2005, 36, 153. 39 Huang Q Z, Lu G M, Wang J, et al. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2011, 91, 159. 40 Gutierrez A, Gil A, Rodríguez-Aseguinolaza J, et al. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013, 59, 763. 41 Mamani V, Gutiérrez A, Ushak S. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2018, 176, 346. 42 Herbert Z, Benjamin K, Simon S, et al. Applied Energy, 2013, 109(1), 360. 43 Pathak A D, Nedea S, van Duin A C T, et al. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016, 18(23), 15838. 44 Kipouros G J, Sadoway D R. Journal of Light Metals, 2001, 1(2), 111. 45 De B R, Haije W, Veldhuis J. Thermochimica Acta, 2002, 395(1), 3. 46 Sögütoglu L C, Donkers P A J, Fischer H R, et al. Applied Energy, 2018, 215, 159. 47 Chipera S J, Vaniman D T. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2007, 71, 241. 48 Steiger M, Linnow K, Juling H, et al. Crystal Growth & Design, 2008, 8(1), 336. 49 Archer D A, Rard J A. Jounral of Chemical Engineering Data, 1998, 43, 791. 50 Chou I M, Seal R R. Astrobiology, 2003, 3, 619. 51 N’Tsoukpoe K E, Schmidt T, Rammelberg H U, et al. Applied Energy, 2014, 124, 1. 52 Fopah-Lele A, Tamba J G. Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells, 2017, 164, 175. 53 Marias F, Neveu P, Tanguy G, et al. Energy, 2014, 66, 757. 54 Kleiner F, Posern K, Osburg A. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 113, 1189. 55 Lele A F, N’Tsoukpoe K E, Osterland T, et al. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 89, 916. 56 N'Tsoukpoe K E, Restuccia G, Schmidt T, et al. Energy, 2014, 77, 983. 57 Yu N, Wang R Z, Wang L W. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2013, 39(5), 489. 58 Restuccia G, Freni A, Maggio G. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2002, 22(6), 619. 59 Mills A, Farid M, Selman J R, et al. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2006, 26(14-15), 1652. 60 Sari A, Karaipekli A. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2007, 27(8-9), 1271. 61 Whiting G, Grondin D, Bennici S, et al. Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells, 2013, 112, 112. 62 Li X, Narayanan S, Michaelis V K, et al. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2015, 201, 151. 63 Zhang Y N, Wang R Z, Li T X. Energy, 2018, 156, 240. 64 Veselovskaya V J, Tokarev M M, Grekova A D, et al. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 37, 87. 65 Xu S Z, Wang R Z, Wang L W. Energy, 2019, 167, 889. 66 Patra A K, Dutta A, Bhaumik A. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, 201-202,170. 67 Mauran S, Lahmidi H, Goetz V. Solar Energy, 2008, 82(7), 623. 68 Yu N, Wang R Z, Lu A S, et al. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 84, 660. 69 Zhao Y J, Wang R Z, Li T X, et al. Energy, 2016, 113, 739. 70 Xu C, Yu Z H, Xie Y Y, et al. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 129, 250. 71 Tohidi S H, Ziaie F, Abdolmaleki A. International Journal of Enginee-ring Science, 2009, 22(3), 299. 72 Zhu D, Wu H, Wang S. International Journal of Engineering Science, 2006, 45, 804. 73 Jabbari-Hichri A, Bennici S, Auroux A. Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells, 2015, 140, 351. 74 Zhang Y N, Wang R Z, Zhao Y J, et al. Energy, 2016, 115, 120. 75 Zhang Y N, Wang R Z, Li T X, et al. Energies, 2016, 9(10), 854. 76 Alexandra D, Grekova L G, Aristor Y I,et al. Applied Thermal Enginee-ring, 2017, 124, 1401. 77 Korhammer K, Druske M M, Forpan-Lele A, et al. Applied Energy, 2016, 162, 1462.
渝公网安备50019002502923号 版权所有：《材料导报》编辑部
2021, Vol. 35 
