大面积钙钛矿薄膜制备技术的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.20030221

材料导报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (1): 1046-1057 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20030221

无机非金属及其复合材料

大面积钙钛矿薄膜制备技术的研究进展

杨志春^1,†, 吴狄^1,2,†, 剡晓波^1,2, 蒋昭毅¹, 刘宗豪¹, 陈炜^1,2

1 华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心,武汉 430074
2 华中科技大学中欧清洁与可再生能源学院,武汉 430074

Research Progresses on the Preparation Technologies Towards Large-area Perovskite Thin Films

YANG Zhichun^1,†, WU Di^1,2,†, YAN Xiaobo^1,2, JIANG Zhaoyi¹, LIU Zonghao¹, CHEN Wei^1,2

1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2 China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

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摘要有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池因其较高的光电转换效率和较低的生产成本而备受关注。其优异的光电性能主要归因于该类钙钛矿材料的光吸收系数高、载流子迁移率高、载流子寿命长、带隙可调等物理特性;由于其可基于溶液加工法进行规模化生产,使其生产成本大幅降低,并快速成为新型薄膜太阳能电池新星。在过去十年的时间里,钙钛矿太阳能电池小面积器件 (<1 cm²) 的光电转换效率已经从2009年的3.8%迅速飙升至25.2%;而其小模块级组件 (10~800 cm²) 效率已提升至18.04%;模块级组件 (>800 cm²) 的光电转换效率也已经刷新到16.1%。小面积器件和模块级组件效率失配的关键因素之一是高质量、高均一性的大面积钙钛矿薄膜沉积方法的局限性。小面积器件钙钛矿成膜通常使用的是溶液旋涂法;但是,溶液旋涂法存在厚度不均匀、原料浪费严重等缺点,因而不适合用于制备大面积钙钛矿薄膜。当前,大面积钙钛矿薄膜的沉积方案处于多样化的研究当中,尚未形成稳定的工业化生产规模。迄今为止,主要报道的大面积钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法主要有:刮刀涂布法、狭缝涂布法、喷涂法、喷墨打印法、软覆盖沉积法、气相沉积法。
本文归纳总结了近期大面积钙钛矿薄膜制备方法的研究进展;并对其基本原理进行分析与讨论,对比了各种大面积钙钛矿薄膜制备方法的优缺点;展望了它们在未来研究和产业化过程所面临的问题及其发展前景;旨在加深读者对大面积钙钛矿薄膜的沉积方法的理解,以期为大面积、高效率钙钛矿模组的研究与开发提供有益的参考。

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关键词: 大面积钙钛矿薄膜模组光电转换效率

Abstract: Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted widespread attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low fabrication costs. Their excellent photoelectric performances are mainly attributed to the unique physical properties of perovskites, such as high light absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long carrier life, tunable band gap. They have quickly become a star of new-generation thin-film solar cells, because they can be manufactured on large scale via solution processing method. In the past decade, the PCE of small-area devices (<1 cm²) of PSCs has skyrocketed from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.2% now; the efficiency on small module-level device (10—800 cm²) has been increased to 18.04%; the PCE on module-level device (>800 cm²) has also been refreshed to 16.1%. One of the key factors for the performance mismatch between small-area and module-level devices is the limitation of the deposition methods for large-area perovskite thin films with high quality and uniformity. The general deposition method of perovskite films for small-area devices is spin-coating. However, this met-hod exhibits the disadvantages of uninform thickness and the waste of raw materials in scalable fabrication; so, it is not suitable for fabricating large-area perovskite thin films. Currently, the deposition scheme of large-area perovskite thin films is under diversified research, and the stable industrial production scale has not yet been formed. So far, the mainly reported methods of the deposition of large-area perovskite films including doctor blading, slot-die coating, spraying coating, inkjet printing, soft-cover deposition and the vacuum vapor deposition. This review has summarized the recent research progresses on the preparation methods of large-area perovskite thin films; the basic deposition principles as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various deposition technologies have also been introduced. Finally, the problems they will be faced in the follo-wing study and in the process of industrialization have been outlined, aiming at improving the understanding of the deposition methods of large-area perovskite thin films for readers and providing useful reference for the study of large-area and high-efficiency perovskite solar modules.

Key words: large-area perovskite thin films solar module power conversion efficiency

出版日期: 2021-01-10 发布日期: 2021-01-19

ZTFLH:

TM914

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)(51672094;51861145404;51822203)

作者简介: 杨志春,2014年6月毕业于运城学院,获得理学学士学位。2017年6月毕业于华中科技大学,获得理学硕士学位。现为华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心博士研究生,在陈炜教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为大面积钙钛矿薄膜及模组的研究。
吴狄,2017年6月毕业于长江大学,获得理学学士学位。现为华中科技大学中欧清洁与可再生能源学院硕士研究生,师从武汉光电国家研究中心陈炜教授。目前主要研究领域为有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池,研究方向包括反式钙钛矿太阳能电池界面层修饰、空穴传输层材料的研究以及面向产业化的大面积钙钛矿成膜工艺等。
刘宗豪,华中科技大学博士,华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心副教授,湖北省楚天学者计划“楚天学子”。2017—2019年日本冲绳科学技术大学院大学博士后。研究领域主要集中于有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池与光电器件。
陈炜,清华大学材料科学与工程博士,华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心教授,国家优秀青年科学基金获得者。2008—2010年,中国香港科技大学化学系博士后研究员。2014—2015年,日本国立材料科学研究所访问学者。研究领域涵盖功能纳米材料和半导体薄膜在下一代太阳能电池(包括PSC)中的合成,理解和应用。

引用本文:

杨志春, 吴狄, 剡晓波, 蒋昭毅, 刘宗豪, 陈炜. 大面积钙钛矿薄膜制备技术的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(1): 1046-1057.
YANG Zhichun, WU Di, YAN Xiaobo, JIANG Zhaoyi, LIU Zonghao, CHEN Wei. Research Progresses on the Preparation Technologies Towards Large-area Perovskite Thin Films. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(1): 1046-1057.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20030221 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I1/1046

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