Abstract: Graphene aerogel is an ideal adsorbent for treating wastewater due to its extremely large specific surface area, easy-to-modify surface and unique porous structure, which can satisfy the adsorption for oil, dye and heavy metal ions. In recent years, research reports on the modification of graphene aerogel adsorption have gradually increased. The research focus is mainly on increasing the adsorption capacity and expanding the range of processible waste liquid. When adding various polymers, metal ions, inorganic substances, etc. to modify the adsorption sites of graphene itself, researchers need to make a trade-off between the reduction of adsorption sites and the increase of adsorption capacity due to modification. Setting the appropriate additive parameter ratio, which not only ensures the maximum adsorption capacity, but also obtains highly stable and reusable adsorbent materials, is a key issue in current graphene aerogel research. Compared with the adsorbent graphene, the modified graphene aerogel has the advantages: (1) The researcher can make full use of the higher specific surface area of the monolayer graphene and a large number of functional groups to change the surface structure and increase the adsorption capacity. (2) Its dense porosity can greatly improve the adsorption effect. In order to increase the adsorption capacity for oil, the specific surface area and stability of graphene aerogel can be improved by adding ethy-lenediamine (EDA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carbon nanotubes. Adding organic stearic acid (SA) also enhances lipophilicity of graphene aerogel. Doping nitrogen provides a larger specific surface area and effective adsorption area. In order to improve the adsorption efficiency for dyes, the stability of porous structure of graphene aerogel can be improved by adding polydopamine (PDA), which can also adjust the mass ratio of additives to improve porosity and structural stability and adsorption capacity. The addition of polyethyleneimine can increase the adsorption capacity by electrostatic attraction and π-π interaction. Doping modified nitrogen and sulfur can provide active adsorption sites and enhance structu-ral stability. The introduction of cellulose acetate can improve the excessive accumulation of flakes. It can be further modified to meet adsorption requirements. In order to improve the adsorption effect on heavy metal ions,the surface charge can be adjusted and the adsorption can be increased by adding molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles, nitrogen source tetraethylene pentamine and polypyrrole and fungal hyphae. Montmorillonite and PDA can be introduced to adjust pore size and improve structure. The adsorption capacity can be increased with electrostatic interaction by adding polyvinyl alcohol. This paper reviews the research progress of modified graphene aerogel in wastewater adsorption, introduces its adsorption capacity and main mechanism for oily wastewater, dye wastewater and heavy metal ion wastewater. The problem and prospects are expected to provide reference for the modified graphene aerogel with large synthetic adsorption capacity, good stability and high recyclability.
作者简介: 曹新鑫,河南理工大学材料科学与工程学院副院长,副教授、硕士研究生导师。长期从事高分子聚合物加工、改性、应用的研究工作,以第一作者或通讯作者在Polymer Bulletin、Journal of Applied Polymer Science、E-Polymer、《高分子材料科学与工程》等学术期刊发表学术论文30余篇,授权发明专利2项,出版学术专著1部。 李福昌,获得河南理工大学工学学士学位。目前在曹新鑫副教授的指导下进行研究,主要研究领域为改性石墨烯气凝胶在含油、染料、重金属废水中的吸附性能。
引用本文:
曹新鑫, 李福昌. 石墨烯气凝胶的废水吸附性能研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(7): 7020-7025.
CAO Xinxin, LI Fuchang. Research Progress on Adsorption Performance of Graphene Aerogel in Wastewater. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(7): 7020-7025.
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2020, Vol. 34 
