1 National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Lithium-ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology,Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Mate-rials of Yunnan Province,Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China 2 Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China
Abstract: Nowadays, the global energy crisis and environment pollution become increasingly severer, among which the extensive utilization of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum is a critical reason. Hence it is urgent to develop an efficient and clean coal utilization technology. Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell (DC-SOFC), as an all-solid-state energy conversion device, can directly use solid carbon as a fuel, converting the chemical energy into electricity. Theoretically, its energy conversion efficiency is close to 100%, which has unique advantages in the clean use of coal, such as without the use of any liquid metal or feeding gas as medium. This all-solid-state structure can effectively avoid several problems, such as electrolyte leakage, corrosion and performance degradation due to carbon dioxide in the air, which may occur in liquid metal anode DCFC and composite-electrolyte DCFC. With the rapid development of SOFC technology, DC-SOFC has attracted more and more researchers’ attentions and is expected to become a new generation of clean energy technology. Due to the use of solid electrolytes and solid carbon materials, the anodic reaction process is complex and there are many influencing factors. To address these issues, researchers all around the world have done a lot of work to unravel the anode reaction mechanism, and constantly try to develop various novel anode materials of DC-SOFC. Some acceptable results had been obtained, for example, some reasonable anode reaction mechanisms had been proposed. At present, two different mechanisms of DC-SOFC anode reaction have appeared according to the different forms of carbon fuel feeding into the cell. Besides the earliest noble metal of Pt anodes, the reported anode materials of DC-SOFC mainly includes Ni-based composite cermet, Cu-based composite cermet, Ag-based composite cermet and mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIECs), which are represented by Ni-YSZ, Cu-Ni-YSZ, Ag-GDC and LST, respectively. A large number of studies have shown that the addition of Fe, Sn and other elements with catalytic effects in the cermet anode can effectively boost the output power of the cell and improve the utilization efficiency of the fuel. Although these materials have different output performance, they all have their own advantages, which provide different ideas for the research of DC-SOFC. In addition, based on the existing materials, further optimization of the anode mechanism to improve the output performance of DC-SOFC also indicates a new direction for the future of anode research. In this paper, the DC-SOFC anode structure characteristics, reaction mechanism and the latest research progress of various anode materials are systematically summarized and analyzed, and the future development direction and perspectives of the anodes for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell are outlined, in order to provide a more valuable reference to DC-SOFC anodes study.
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