A Review on Waterproofing Agent of Lightweight Porous Concrete
ZHOU Xuexia1, YANG Zanzhong1, XU Yanjiao1, WANG Lu1, SUN Haibin1, WANG Yongzai2, DU Qingyang1, YUE Hongzhi1
1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049 2.Analysis and Testing Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049
Abstract: Porous concrete is a novel energy-saving building material, which features light weight, excellent thermal insulation, outstanding fire resis-tance and non-combustibility. However, it suffers a severe water-absorbing problem due to its high porosity and high surface free energy. The issue, degrading seriously the strength and thermal insulation properties, restrains their further applications. Therefore, it is imperative to address the waterproof problem of the porous concrete. The matrix structure optimization and water repellent modification are two primary directions in current waterproof researches. The matrix structure is optimized by adjusting of the pore structure of the concrete and the crystal/gel ratio of pore walls to reduce the water absorption of concretes. Yet, the waterproof performance, achieved by the optimization of matrix structure, exhibits severe limitations. Hence, the method of the waterproofing agent modification to improve the waterproof performance gains more attentions. The water repellent accomplishes the reduction of water absorption of the concrete or the water permeability under hydrostatic pressure through forming a hydrophobic film on the surface of porous concretes and/or in pores. Commonly, water repellents consist of silicones, fatty acid salts and paraffin emulsions. The silicone system achieves a good hydrophobicity via the substitution of long-chain organic group. The waterproof performance of the fatty acid salt is obtained by two methods: (ⅰ) forming a precipitate, which shows “anti-capillary effect”, by the reaction of carboxylic acid group and Ca2+; or (ⅱ) blocking pores through the active substance, which binds to the matrix. The paraffin emulsion achieves the reduced water absorption property through converting the surface property of particles from hydrophilicity into water repellency by encapsulation. The action mode of the water repellent includes two types. One is the isolation of the substrate’s surface, including the closed-type and the opened-type. The other is the combination with the matrix, including the reaction and the binding type. Two main methods are utilized for the waterproofing of porous concrete. One is the surface waterproof, including coating, impregnating or spraying water repellent onto the surface. The other is the interior waterproofing, achieved by adding the water repellent into concretes during the preparation. The surface waterproofing performance varies depending on the penetration depth of the water repellent, and is related with the ratio of the communication hole of the concrete, the porosity, the viscosity of the water repellent, and the surface tension. The internal waterproofing is greatly affected by the type of the waterproofing agent and the compatibility of the silicate matrix. Therefore, the internal waterproofing method exhibits superiorities from the view of durability and comprehensive effects of waterproofing. For the characterization and evaluation of the waterproof performance of porous concrete, the measurement of water absorption, chloride ion permeability and static water contact angle are mainly employed. However, the research in this aspect is relatively lagging. It is urgent to establish a complete evaluation system. Herein, we reviewed the research progress of lightweight porous concrete waterproofing. The types, action mechanism and the action mode of water repellent, waterproof modification methods and characterization and evaluation methods were emphasized. The existing problems and future development trends were proposed. The insight gained by this work could provide reference for the further study of waterproof performance of porous concrete materials.
周薛霞,杨赞中,徐艳娇,王路,孙海滨,王永在,杜庆洋,乐红志. 轻质多孔混凝土防水剂的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(15): 2546-2551.
ZHOU Xuexia, YANG Zanzhong, XU Yanjiao, WANG Lu, SUN Haibin, WANG Yongzai, DU Qingyang, YUE Hongzhi. A Review on Waterproofing Agent of Lightweight Porous Concrete. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(15): 2546-2551.
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2019, Vol. 33 
