Abstract: As an important part of C/C composites, pores directly affect the densification process and mechanical, oxidation, ablation performance of C/C composites, endow the C/C composite with many potential functions. The densification process of C/C composites is a process in which carbon matrix is continuously filled with pores in carbon fiber preform. According to the preparation principle and process of C/C composites, C/C composites usually require several successive thermal decomposition cycles of hydrocarbon gas, or multiple impregnated carbonization cycles of liquid phase precursors like resin and asphalt. The variations in interwoven and oriented arrangement of fibers or fiber bundles in the carbon fiber preforms with different structure bring about the diversity of pore size and ship, pore distribution and pore passage of C/C composites, which further lead to the dissimilarity in the impregnation for the precursor into the preform, the flow path in the preform, and the filling state of the pores. In addition, the degree of internal densification and change of pore structure vary in the each densification cycle. Moreover, the filling of precursor in the preform and the morphology and distribution of the precursor after carbonization will affect the diffusion and transport of the precursor in the next densification cycle. Therefore, even if the preforms with diverse structures show the same initial density, the C/C composites still exhibit obviously different performance. The effect of pores on the properties of C/C composites is mainly manifested by changes in mechanical properties, oxidation and ablation behavior in high temperature environments. In terms of mechanical properties, on the one hand, the pores reduce the load-bearing area and provide space for the deformation of the material. On the other hand, stress concentration will be generated at gathering location of large pores or micropores in the material when they are subjected to external loading. In addition, the interfacial crack will exhibit a tortuous expansion along with debonding between carbon and matrix. In high temperature oxidation environment, numerous pores and micro-cracks in the fiber bundles matrix and the fibers/matrix interface will provide the diffusion channel for oxygen, and consquently accelerate the diffusion of the oxidizing gas inside the material and the oxidation of the carbon fibers, which leads to the rapid oxidation failure of the composites. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably control the pore number and pore structure according to the requirements of the application environment. In a word,the research status and progress of pore structure of C/C composites at home and abroad are reviewed from four aspects, including the formation of pores, characterization of pores, impact of pores on the densification process and properties. For the sake of laying a foundation for deepening the theoretical study of the pore structure of C/C composites and broadening its application fields.
樊凯, 卢雪峰, 吕凯明, 钱坤. C/C复合材料孔隙结构的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(13): 2184-2190.
FAN Kai, LU Xuefeng, LYU Kaiming, QIAN Kun. Advances in Research on Pore Structure of C/C Composites. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(13): 2184-2190.
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2019, Vol. 33 
