Abstract: In recent years, about 3.3 billion tons of solid waste are produced in China every year. The solid waste produced in the process of industrial production is often open stored in the natural environment, which pollutes the soil, water and air environment, and also brings great potential danger to the survival of human beings. The low efficiency of comprehensive utilization and small space of increment is one of the main reasons for the massive accumulation of the solid waste. Therefore, it is urgent to seek efficient and comprehensive disposal methods of the solid waste. Phosphorus slag of electric furnace, slag produced in iron and steel smelting and nonferrous metal smelting process, fly ash produced in the domains of building materials and electric power are common bulk solid wastes. These wastes are rich in silica, which mainly exists in the form of silicate, crystalline silica and amorphous silica. In addition, depending on the origins and production methods of solid waste, there are also diffe-rent mineral phase components, and sometimes there are rare earth elements, alumina and other high-value non-ferrous metals.White carbon black and silica aerogels can be prepared after separating rare earth metals and valuable elements such as alumina from the solid wastes, and zeolite can also be prepared by using silica and alumina from the solid wastes. White carbon black is an amorphous nano-silica material with high porosity, high dispersion and good thermal stability. It is an important raw material for preparing catalysts, rubber reinforcing agents, thixotropic agents, thermal insulators and other materials.It is widely used in rubber, chemical industry, electronics, medicine and other fields. Silica aerogel has the advantages of large specific surface area, low volume density and low thermal conductivity, which can be used as a carrier for preparing catalysts, heat preservation and insulation materials, electronic film mate-rials and radio luminescent devices. Zeolite can be synthesized by aluminum silicate gel preparing from alumina and silicon in the solid wastes firstly, followed by water heated treatment. Resulted from developed pore structure it can accommodate a variety of cationic, zeolite has one or more properties of adsorption, ion exchange and catalysis, and therefore is widely used for industrial adsorbent, catalyst, membrane materials and the processing additives, ion exchange materials and chemical sensors, etc. The preparation of white carbon black, silica aerogel or zeolite after extracting valuable elements from solid waste rich in silicon dioxide is an effective way to improve the utilization rate and value-added rate of the solid wastes. In this paper, the composition of several typical solid wastes rich in silicon dioxide and the mineral-phase characteristics of silica in them are compared and analyzed, and the research progress of silica separation and preparation of functional materials such as white carbon black, silica aerogel and zeolite are reviewed. So as to provide reference for the preparation of silica functional materials with solid wastes.
苏博文, 史公初, 廖亚龙, 张宇, 王伟, 郗家俊. 工业固体废弃物制备二氧化硅功能材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(3): 3026-3032.
SU Bowen, SHI Gongchu, LIAO Yalong, ZHANG Yu, WANG Wei, XI Jiajun. Research Progress on Functional Materials Preparation of Silica from Industrial Solid Wastes. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(3): 3026-3032.
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