Research Progress and Contradictory Equilibrium of Structure-Performance Relationship of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics
MA Rongrong1, ZHANG Dian1,2, LIU Yijun3, LIU Jing1, YANG Xiaofeng1, LI Yanjun1, MA Aiqiong1
1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Advance Refractories, Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China 3 Monalisa Group Co. Ltd, Foshan 528211, China
Abstract: Porous Si3N4 ceramics (Si3N4-PC) have a promising application prospect in the broadband wave-transparent materials, fluid filter, catalyst carrier, composite and even tissue engineering. In recent years, researches are dedicated to develop preparing methods of Si3N4-PC in order to promote the porosity and optimize the pore morphology, thereby improve the application properties such as permeability and specific surface area. Generally, the porosity of Si3N4-PC prepared by partial sintering is only 40% while that by template replication and direct foaming are higher than 70%. However, the latter two methods produce poor mechanical properties to low compressive strength level of 10 MPa. Controlling the sintering process, raw materials and sintering additives can produce massive fibers and columnar microstructures, which enhance the Si3N4-PC to gain high bending strength of 100 MPa. However, this leads to negative effect on porosity which is as low as 55%. In addition, some researches give consideration to both porosity and mechanical properties via coupling pore structure prepared by combining the extrusion and sacrificial template with varied sintering process. Nevertheless, the effect is not satisfactory. The preparing methods, pore structures and properties data in current researches of Si3N4-PC as well as the relationship among them need to be classified and summarized. The improvement of comprehensive performance of current Si3N4-PC encounter bottleneck. In essence, the poro-sity and pore morphology determine application properties such as the permeability of Si3N4-PC. The pore wall is the load-bearer and its microstructure is the deci-sive factor of mechanical properties and also of great significance on core indicators such as specific surface area. The species of raw materials and sintering process are substance and control mechanism of pore wall microstructures. This review analyzes current researches about the preparations and applications of Si3N4-PC and classifies its preparations methods as two categories, i.e. producing pores via sintering and introducing pores via shaping. The former includes partial sintering, phase transformation sintering, reaction sintering and carbothermal reduction nitriding, while the later includes extrusion, direct foaming, template replication, sacrificial template, etc. These characteristics and disadvantages of Si3N4-PC prepared by these methods are discussed. The level of properties, such as strength and porosity, of current Si3N4-PC is marked out via data collection from references. Therein, the structure-performance relationships, such as strength-porosity and pore diameter-specific surface area, are in contradictory equilibrium, resulting in bottleneck of the comprehensive properties. It is hard to address the comprehensive properties of Si3N4-PC on the basis of raw particulate materials and corresponding process. If the newly developed Si3N4 whiskers and fibers as well as new processes are adopted, there are chances to build up the pore structures of Si3N4-PC via starting materials. So, the properties of Si3N4-PC could be promoted to a higher level and fit for high value applications such as radome of anti-radar missiles and membrane materials.
马茸茸, 张电, 刘一军, 刘静, 杨晓凤, 李延军, 马爱琼. 多孔氮化硅陶瓷的研究进展及构效关系中的矛盾平衡[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(9): 9101-9109.
MA Rongrong, ZHANG Dian, LIU Yijun, LIU Jing, YANG Xiaofeng, LI Yanjun, MA Aiqiong. Research Progress and Contradictory Equilibrium of Structure-Performance Relationship of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(9): 9101-9109.
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2020, Vol. 34 
