1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050 2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050 3 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 4 College of Biological Medicine and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi 117004
Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s aerospace industry, the annual output of superalloy is hitting record highs. At the same time, more and more superalloy scraps are produced in the manufacturing process, and the accumulation of scraps leads to serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. Thanks to the multi-disciplinary cross-integration development of metallurgy and materials science, the domestic research on the recovery and reuse of superalloy scrap and its return scrap has got some achievements, but there is still a huge gap against developed countries such as Europe and America. The recovery efficiency of superalloys is affected by their grades and composition. It is difficult to make fundamental breakthroughs by adopting traditional processes like pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and combination of pyro and hydrometallurgy. Therefore, in recent years, in addition to optimize and improve these basic technology, the researchers have tried continuously from pretreatment, selecting reasonable leachate and electrolyte, designing high-efficiency extractant, synthesizing new separation materials, etc., and have acquired noticeable results. Therefore, the potential of existing recycling processes can be fully achieved, while the recovery efficiency of the main elements in the superalloy is also improved greatly. So far, the high-efficiency recovery methods of superalloy scraps mainly include acid leaching, electrolysis, ion exchange, extraction, etc. Among them, the acid leaching method was the earliest to get applied, and the single crystal superalloy scraps containing Re can be recycled by this method. By optimizing the process parameters, the leaching rate of Re in the single crystal superalloy scraps can exceed 99%, but the reco-very efficiency is gradually reduced due to the hindrance of the passivation film, and moreover, the leaching process produces waste acid and waste gas. For the past few years, the electrolytic process with DC power supply, alloy anode and graphite cathode has attained researchers’ interest, as it can effectively breaks the passivation film of the alloy scraps in the dissolution process, and in consequence, greatly improves the recovery efficiency. By using extraction, ion exchange and adsorption processes, a combinatorial methodology which incorporates electrolysis and subsequent processes, i.e. extraction, ion exchange, adsorption, can realize the classification and recovery of elements in alloy scraps. It provides a possibility for green and sustainable recycling of superalloy scraps. This paper offers a summary over research progress of the recovery and reuse of superalloy scraps, from the perspectives of sources and cha-racteristics of the scraps and the recovery process, with emphasis on pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and combination of pyro and hydrometallurgy. In addition, the future research direction of the superalloy scraps recovery technology is analyzed, with a view to providing references for relevant research and engineering applications in this field.
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2019, Vol. 33 
