Regulation of Vermiculite Expansion Behavior via Ultrasound-assisted Intercalation and Synergistic Microwave Heating
YIN Hongmei1,2,3, SUN Hongjuan1,2,*, PENG Tongjiang1,2, LUO Liming1
1 Institute of Mineral Materials and Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery of Ministry of Education, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China; 3 Mian Yang City College, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
Abstract: Vermiculite clay is applied in various fields. Its modification and expansion to produce improved materials have long been research hotspots. In this work, high-expansion vermiculite was successfully prepared from industrial vermiculite produced in Yuli, Xinjiang, by employing ultrasonic-assisted intercalation technology combined with microwave heating. The phase composition, crystal structure, and micro-morphology of the expanded vermiculite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The effects of the dosage addition of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and oxalic acid on the expansion properties of vermiculite were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the expansion ratio of the expanded vermiculite varies with the dosage of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and oxalic acid. The optimal expansion conditions founded are 30% hydrogen peroxide concentration, industrial vermiculite to hydrogen peroxide mass volume ratio of 1∶3, 40-minute ultrasonic treatment followed by 24-hour static settling, and 7-minute heating at a microwave power of 700 W. Under these conditions, high-expansion vermiculite with an expansion rate as high as of 63.20 times is obtained, and its bulk density is only 18.99 kg/m3. H2O2 plays a decisive role in enhancing the expansion performance, while the addition of oxalic acid promotes the decomposition of H2O2. The application of ultrasonic technology effectively increases the content of H2O2 entering the interlayer of vermiculite, driving the expansion of vermiculite lamellae. The expansion ratio of the expanded vermiculite prepared in this study is higher than that of most expanded vermiculite prepared by calcination heating, chemical expansion, and chemical-microwave expansion methods. These findings not only unveil the expansion mechanism of vermiculite but also present a feasible technical solution for the efficient expansion of industrial vermiculite, which have significant theoretical and practical value for fields such as materials science research and building energy conservation.
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2026, Vol. 40 
