基于CMT技术的铝合金电弧增材制造研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.25030111

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (7): 25030111-12 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25030111

金属与金属基复合材料

基于CMT技术的铝合金电弧增材制造研究进展

邬富宝^*, 乔波, 王晓亭, 吴利军, 张世全, 郑宏伟

内蒙金属材料研究所,内蒙古包头 014034

Recent Advances in CMT-based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Alloys

WU Fubao^*, QIAO Bo, WANG Xiaoting, WU Lijun, ZHANG Shiquan, ZHENG Hongwei

Inner Mongolia Institute of Metal Materials, Baotou 014034, Inner Mongolia, China

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摘要铝合金因具有比强度高、质量轻、耐蚀性优良等性能,作为轻质高强结构材料已广泛应用于航空、航天和军工等领域。基于冷金属过渡(CMT)的电弧增材制造(WAAM)技术,由于其生产周期短、效率高、成形性能好,可避免传统铸件中缩孔、疏松、组织不均匀及晶粒粗大等问题,极大地满足了铝合金成形的高要求,得到了广泛应用。然而,WAAM由于其热循环特性,在制造件中仍然存在气孔、裂纹、不均匀变形等缺陷,对其成形质量和组织性能有较大的影响。为了消除组织缺陷,提高WAAM构件性能,近年来出现了层间轧制、高能超声、搅拌摩擦辅助等新型WAAM技术。本文以Al-Si系ZL114A和Al-Cu系ZL205A铝合金为例,从专用丝材制备、WAAM辅助技术、工艺优化与组织调控、缺陷抑制、性能提升、增材技术应用等方面对近年来国内外铝合金WAAM技术研究进展进行了综述,探讨了强韧化机理,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

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	邬富宝
	乔波
	王晓亭
	吴利军
	张世全
	郑宏伟

关键词: 铝合金增材制造冷金属过渡组织调控缺陷抑制

Abstract: Aluminum alloys, renowned for their high specific strength, lightweight properties, and excellent corrosion resistance, have been widely adopted as lightweight, high-strength structural materials in aerospace, aviation, and military industries. The Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology based on Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) offers advantages such as short production cycles, high efficiency, and superior formability, effectively avoiding defects in traditional castings like shrinkage pores, porosity, uneven microstructure, and coarse grains. This significantly meets the stringent requirements and broad applications of aluminum alloy forming. However, due to the thermal cycling characteristics of WAAM, defects such as pores, cracks, and uneven deformation still persist in manufactured components, considerably impacting their forming quality and microstructural performance. To eliminate microstructural defects and enhance the properties of WAAM components, a series of novel WAAM-assisted technologies, including interlayer rolling, high-energy ultrasonication, and friction stir-assisted methods, have emerged in recent years. This paper reviews recent domestic and international research progress in aluminum alloy WAAM, focusing ZL114A and ZL205A alloys. Key aspects such as specialized wire preparation, WAAM-assisted technologies, process optimization, microstructure regulation, defect suppression, performance enhancement, and additive technology applications are systematically summarized. Additionally, the strengthening mechanisms are analyzed and future development trends are prospected.

Key words: aluminum alloy additive manufacturing cold metal transfer microstructure regulation defect suppression

发布日期: 2026-04-16

ZTFLH:

TG146.2+1

基金资助: 内蒙古科技计划项目(2023YFHH1024);内蒙古军民融合重点项目(JMZD202302.

通讯作者: *邬富宝,内蒙金属材料研究所助理研究员,目前主要从事铝及铝合金、钛合金丝材制备与工艺优化、电弧增材制造技术研究。wufubao324@163.com

引用本文:

邬富宝, 乔波, 王晓亭, 吴利军, 张世全, 郑宏伟. 基于CMT技术的铝合金电弧增材制造研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(7): 25030111-12.
WU Fubao, QIAO Bo, WANG Xiaoting, WU Lijun, ZHANG Shiquan, ZHENG Hongwei. Recent Advances in CMT-based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum Alloys. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(7): 25030111-12.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25030111 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I7/25030111

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