Abstract: The influence of lignin on the physical and mechanical properties of loess was investigated by performing unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests on lignin-modified loess specimens. Furthermore, the deterioration mechanism under wetting-drying cycles was evaluated using stress-strain curves normalized by a modified Duncan-Chang model incorporating peak deviator stress (σ1-σ3)m. Experimental results revealed that lignin addition modifies the interaction between water and loess, and the optimum moisture content, liquid limit ωL, plastic limit ωP, and plasticity index IP are all negatively correlated with the lignin content, while the maximum dry density is positively correlated with it. Moreover, the shear strength of lignin-modified loess is non-linearly related to lignin content. Lignin-modified loess experienced a continuous decrease in shear strength with increasing wetting-drying cycles, with the most significant degradation occurring during the first three cycles. A peak shear strength is obtained at 1.0% lignin content, achieving a 44.65% increase compared to the plain loess. The modified Duncan-Chang model accurately norma-lized stress-strain curves of lignin-modified loess under wetting-drying cycles by incorporating (σ1-σ3)m. A normalized stress-strain relationship equation for lignin-modified loess with varying lignin contents and wetting-drying cycles was proposed with satisfactory predictive accuracy.
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2026, Vol. 40 
