1 Materials Science and Engineering College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China 2 Institute of Applied Physics, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330090, China 3 Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Abstract: Since the industrial application of plasma arc powder surfacing technology, it has been widely concerned in mechanical engineering all over the world, and has achieved encouraging results in the repair of mechanical parts and the surface life of components. With the development of modern science and technology, plasma arc powder surfacing equipment is continuously optimized and improved, and its automation, systemization and numerical control level are continuously improved, thus its industrial applications are more convenient and efficient. However, at present, it is given priority to self-fluxed alloy powder with researching of cladding materials, and a few high-performance new cladding materials have been reported. How to discover the technical advantages of the new equipment for plasma arc powder surfacing, and meet the needs of special performances for cladding material, such as high strength, high vacuum, high temperature, wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, etc., which is big challenge for workers on surfacing welding cladding material. In nearly a decade, the researcher focus at home and abroad is mainly concentrated on the compound design of self-fluxing alloy powder and its reinforced powder. Although some achievements have been achieved, it has not broadened the new research fields of cladding materials. In recent years, some researchers have begun to apply new powders, such as metal ceramic base, nano-particles, self-lubricating and high entropy alloys as cladding materials, which have been applied to the surface strengthening or repair of plasma arc powder surfacing, but the selection principle, composition optimization and preparation processes of composite powder need to be further research. In addition, it is lack of a set of systematic and scientific theory for the research of plasma powder surfacing welding cladding material. At present, the domestic and international plasma cladding material systems mainly include: (1) alloying self-fluxed composite materials by adding some functional metal elements, which can improve the microstructure and properties of cladding layer by the solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, dispersion strengthening and fine grain strengthening of added elements; (2) reinforced self-fluxed composite mate-rials by metal ceramic particles, which can improve the performance of cladding layer; (3) rare earth doped self-fluxed composite materials, which can purify the cladding layer microstructure by exerting the unique chemical activity of the rare earth; (4) metal-based self-lubricating composite materials, which consist of a metal or alloy as the base phase and a solid lubricant as the dispersed phase; (5) high entropy alloy compo-site materials, which mixed five or more metal powder. In addition, there are metal-based cladding materials, such as copper-based, zirconium-based, titanium-based, aluminum-based, and nano-based.With the help of some properties of these materials, the surfacing layer achieves functions such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, anti-friction, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and biological compatibility. This paper introduces the general design principle and basic composition optimization methods of cladding powder materials. The existing systems and research status of cladding materials are summarized and the problems of plasma arc surfacing welding cladding material are analyzed, and its developing trend of the surfacing welding cladding materials is prospected.
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2020, Vol. 34 
