Research Progress and Prospect on Rapid Preparation of Nano-silica Powder-based Thermal Insulation Composites
ZHANG Fengyun, JIANG Yonggang, FENG Junzong, LI Liangjun, FENG Jian
Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Abstract: Aerogel composites have been widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, construction and other thermal insulation fields due to their excellent thermal insulation properties. However, high manufacturing cost and complicated preparation process restrict the commercial exploitations of aerogel composites. Using nano-silica powder, ceramic fiber and other additives as raw materials, dry forming process or wet forming process can be used to realize the rapid preparation of nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites. Compared with aerogel thermal insulation composites, the preparation process of nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites does not require complicated supercritical drying technology, and is a kind of thermal insulation material with great development potential. However,since the nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites are based on fumed silica, its mechanical properties are significantly lower than aerogel thermal insulation composites. The addition of reinforcing fibers and binders can improve the mechanical properties of nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites, but their thermal insulation properties are significantly reduced. In recent years, researchers have been trying to optimize the preparation process, and have gave full play to the advantages of low thermal conductivity of nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites while improving their mechanical properties. At present, the rapid preparation methods of nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites, which mainly study more, mainly include dry forming process and wet forming process. Among them, the dry compression molding is applied earlier and the process is mature. The prepared nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites has lower thermal conductivity, but the molding pressure is larger, and it is more difficult to produce complex shape products. The wet forming process mainly has two methods of compression molding and casting molding. The wet compression molding has better dispersion effect than the dry compression molding, but the complexity of the process is increased; the casting molding is convenient and can be used for irregular shapes. It provides more options for the rapid preparation of nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites. In this paper, the rapid preparation method and research progress of nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites are reviewed, and the dry forming process and the wet forming process are introduced respectively. The problems faced by nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites are analyzed, and the future development trend is prospected. It provides a reference for the rapid preparation of high perfor-mance, low cost new nano-silica powder-based thermal insulation composites.
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2020, Vol. 34 
