Abstract: As an important method for early diagnosis of cancer, molecular imaging technology mainly demonstrates physiological change in vivo from perspectives of tissue, cells and subcellular fraction and further studies the biological behaviors qualitatively and quantitatively. Nowadays, modern molecular imaging techniques includes X-ray computed tomography (CT), photoacoustic imaging (PA), magnetic resonance (MR), fluorescence imaging (FL), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission computed tomography (PET), etc. However every single imaging mode has its advantages and disadvantages, which cannot provide comprehensive information to diagnose and monitor cancer in terms of spatial resolution, soft tissue resolution, sensitivity and accuracy. The construction of dual/multi-modal imaging could greatly make up the disadvantages above to comprehensively reflect the occurrence and development of cancer through combining the advantages of each single-modal imaging technology. Therefore, dual/multi-modal imaging agent is a hot research topic. At present, among various nano-contrast agents, hyperbranched polyethyleneimine can be widely utilized as an excellent platform for contrast agent according to the precise structure and physicochemical property, which can be functional modified on terminal groups and load various organic/inorganic compound in internal cavity. Through modification of polyethylene glycol, folic acid, and hyaluronic acid on the terminal groups of polyethyleneimine, the biocompatibility and tissue specificity of multifunctional polyethyleneimine can be improved. Further loading metal ion via chelate, entrapping or stabilizing metal and metallic oxide nanoparticle in the multifunctional polyethyleneimine could effectively integrate every imaging element to achieve dual/multi-modal imaging. Based on the platform function of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine, which could enhance the biocompatibility, tissue specificity, and tumor accumulation of imaging element, the generated hyperbranched polyethyleneimine-based dual/multi-modal imaging agent has broad application prospect in biomedical imaging field. As for the accurate diagnosis of cancer at early stage, the latest developments of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine-based dual/multi-modal imaging agent in this review are highlighted, and the construction and biomedical application of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine-based dual/multi-modal imaging agent reported so far are summarized, which includes CT/MR imaging, CT/PA imaging, SPECT/CT imaging, PET/MR imaging, FL/MR imaging and tri-modal imaging. It provides references for the build of novel intelligent contrast agent.
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2020, Vol. 34 
