Soft Matter Mechanics: Behavioral Characteristics, Theoretical Models and Test Methods
XUE Xiuli1, ZENG Chaofeng1, WANG Shibin2, HE Wei2
1 School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science & Technology, Xiangtan 411201; 2 Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072
Abstract: Soft matter has become an important frontier subject in physics, chemistry, materials, mechanics and life science, which is widely applied in industrial production and techniques. As a multi-disciplinary overlapping research area and the bridge to life system, soft matter has attracted extensive attention worldwide. Soft matter mechanics is a new direction of mechanics with rich practical significance and challenges, which plays a very important role to promote the coordinated development of multi-disciplinary intersection. However, with a complex composition, soft matter generally appears in multi-phase aggregate and has interaction with the interface of hard material, which makes the movement rule of soft matter quite different from ordinary fluid and solid. Owing to the weak interaction between structural unit in soft matter, a small force like surface and interface force, van der Waals force, etc. in ordinary fluid and solids may play a leading role in soft matter. Therefore, the traditional fluid/solid theory cannot fully describe the unique phenomena presented by soft materials. The constitutive relation of soft matter is complex, which involves new concepts like rheology, large deformation and entropy. At present, in addition to studies of soft matter physics, chemistry and biology, the beha-vior characteristics of soft matter and their theoretical analysis model and test methods are explored deeply in view of mechanics. Fruitful results have been achieved in research of soft matter mechanics in biological mechanics, colloid and interface mechanics, contact mechanics, experimental mechanics and other fields. In recent years, mechanical analysis, simulation and experiments on biological tissues, cells and biological macromolecules, hydrogel, shape memory polymers, soft active materials, flexible electronics, granule, liquid crystal, and other soft material system have been carried out. Physical mechanism of microstructure formation and novel growth law caused by kinetics have been explored. The instability and self-assembly of soft materials are used to develop new materials and equipment with low cost and high perfor-mance. In addition, interdisciplinarity has been considered in the study of soft material from a new point of view. The constitutive relationship, computing and modeling method of continuum mechanics are brought into simulation of soft materials to realize the theoretical analysis of the self-assembly behavior and surface instability of soft materials. Comprehensive mechanical testing methods and techniques are introduced into mechanics experiments of soft materials to realize small scale performance testing of complex mechanical response of soft matter. This article mainly discuss the mechanical behavior and properties including complex mechanical responses, self-organizing behavior and surface instability and their related research progress of soft matter. Furthermore, the article puts emphasis on the research and development of soft matter in biological mechanics, contact mechanics, colloid interface mechanics and experimental mechanics. On the prospect of soft matter mechanics, further research direction has been proposed to promote the development of domestic soft matter mechanics discipline.
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2018, Vol. 32 
