Abstract: According to the latest statistics, by the end of 2016, 71.60% of total power generation capacity in China was produced by thermal power, 64.04% of the total installed capacity in China was contributed by thermal power. Water power in China accounted less than 20% of total power production; nuclear power, wind power and solar power accounted less than 10%. Apparently, thermal power is the backbone of electrical energy in China. Nevertheless, owing to the increasing appeal for environment protection, the traditional power generation technology with low efficiency, high emission and high pollution can’t meet the healthy and sustainable development of power generation industry. While as a new technology with high efficiency, low emission and low pollution, ultra-supercritical power generation technology has aroused great attention and been widely studied. In engineering thermodynamics, the critical parameters of water is 22.115 MPa and 374.15 ℃. Above this parameter, water presents single-phase fluid which is called super critical state. Super critical generator is thermal power generator which serves under the condition of above 22.115 MPa and 374.15 ℃. There is no specific parameter in physics for ultra-supercri-tical state, and there is also no unified definition for ultra-supercritical generator. It is universally recognized the generator can be called ultra-super critical generator when it served under the steam pressure of above 27 MPa or the steam temperature of above 580 ℃. 650 ℃ ultra-supercri-tical technology is an advanced coal-fired power generation technology which has been competitively studied worldwide. The working condition are steam temperature of 650 ℃ and pressure of 35 MPa. The core technology of 650 ℃ ultra-supercritical power generator is the steel used for main steam boiler tube, which is required to suffer the 650 ℃, 35 MPa steam. The researches of this kind of steel mainly focus on the chemical component design. Up to now, Japan and China has developed their own chemical component system and produced their original steel independently. The steel deve-loped by National Institute for Materials Science of Japan is named MARBN(9Cr-3W-3CoVNbBN), the steel developed by Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation is named SAVE12AD(9Cr-3W-3CoNdVNbBN), and the steel developed by Iron and Steel Research Institute is named G115(9Cr-2.8W-3CoCuVNbBN). However, the processing property and working perfor-mance of the three kinds of steels are still under experimental evaluation, and the matched welding material and welding technique are in development as well. Currently, there are several candidate steels with different chemical components for 650 ℃ ultra-supercritical boiler tube. Different developers have different understandings of the effects caused by various elements, and there is no consensus yet on the best chemical components. The research progress in chemical components of the candidate steel used for 650 ℃ ultra-supercritical boiler tube is summarized in this article. The action mechanisms of chemical elements such as B, N, C, W, Ta, Nd, Co are analyzed, and the effects of the elements on the matrix structure, carbides, creep property and so forth are elaborated. In view of welding property, it is pointed out that the chemical component of the welding materials should be matched with the tube steel, the welding property degeneration should be avoided. The problems which should be paid attention to during welding materials development are clarified.
1 Liu Zhengdong, Cheng Shichang, Gan Yong, et al. Research and development of advanced boiler steel tubes and pipes used for 600 ℃ USC power plants in China[J].Iron and Steel,2010(10):1(in Chinese). 刘正东,程世长,干勇,等.中国600 ℃蒸汽参数火电机组用锅炉钢管国产化研制进展[J].钢铁,2010(10):1. 2 Liu Zhengdong. Challenges to the critical steel technology in the course of the development of Chinese energy industries[J].Special Steel Technology,2010,16(1):1(in Chinese). 刘正东.中国能源工业发展对钢铁材料技术的挑战[J].特钢技术,2010,16(1):1. 3 Ning Baoqun. Research on phase transformation behaviors of modified high Cr ferritic heat-resistant steels[D].Tianjin: Tianjin University,2007(in Chinese). 宁保群.T91铁素体耐热钢相变过程及强化工艺[D].天津:天津大学,2007. 4 Liu Zhengdong, Cheng Shichang, Bao Hansheng, et al. Localization of boiler steel technology in China used for ultra super critical power plants[J].Iron and Steel,2009,44(6):1(in Chinese). 刘正东,程世长,包汉生,等.超超临界火电机组用锅炉钢技术国产化问题[J].钢铁,2009,44(6):1. 5 刘正东,包汉生,徐松乾,等.G115耐热钢应用于超600 ℃超超临界火电机组[J].世界金属导报,2015(B2):1. 6 Liu Z, Bao H, Xu S, et al. The development of boiler pipes used for 700 ℃ A-USC-PP in China[M]∥Energy Materials 2014. Springer, Cham,2014:103. 7 Abe F. Analysis of creep rates of tempered martensitic 9% Cr steel based on microstructure evolution[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2009,510:64. 8 Chatterjee A, Dutta A, Sk M B, et al. Effect of microalloy precipitates on the microstructure and texture of hot-deformed modified 9Cr-1Mo steel[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2017,48(5):2410. 9 Liu Y, Tsukamoto S, Sawada K, et al. Precipitation behavior in the heat-affected zone of boron-added 9Cr-3W-3Co steel during post-weld heat treatment and creep deformation[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2015,46(5):1843. 10 Kobayashi S, Kimura K, Tsuzaki K. Interphase precipitation of Fe2Hf Laves phase in a Fe-9Cr/Fe-9Cr-Hf diffusion couple[J].Intermetallics,2014,46:80. 11 Prat O, García J, Rojas D, et al. Study of nucleation, growth and coarsening of precipitates in a novel 9% Cr heat resistant steel: Experimental and modeling[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2014,143(2):754. 12 Abe F. Effect of boron on microstructure and creep strength of advanced ferritic power plant steels[J].Procedia Engineering,2011,10:94. 13 Abe F, Horiuchi T, Taneike M, et al. Stabilization of martensitic microstructure in advanced 9Cr steel during creep at high temperature[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2004,378(1):299. 14 Horiuchi T, Igarashi M, Abe F. Improved utilization of added B in 9Cr heat-resistant steels containing W[J].ISIJ International,2002,42:S67. 15 Sakuraya T, Okada H, Abe F. BN type inclusions formed in high Cr ferritic heat resistant steel[J].Tetsu-to-Hagane,2004,90:819. 16 Borlera M L, Pradelli G. Solid equilibri dello stato nel sistema Fe-BC (Solid state equilibria in the system Fe-BC)[J].Metallurgia Italiana,1967,59:907. 17 Karlson L, Norden H, Odelius H. Non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation of boron in austenitic stainless steel-Ⅰ. Large Scale segregation behavior[J].Acta Metallurgica,1988,36:1. 18 Karlsson L, Norden H. Overview No. 63 non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation of boron in austenitic stainless steel-Ⅱ. Fine scale segregation behaviour[J].Acta Metallurgica,1988,36(1):13. 19 Abe F. Precipitate design for creep strengthening of 9% Cr tempered martensitic steel for ultra-supercritical power plants[J].Science and Technology of Advanced Materials,2008,9(1):013002. 20 Abe F, Tabuchi M, Kondo M, et al. Suppression of type Ⅳ fracture and improvement of creep strength of 9Cr steel welded joints by boron addition[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Pi-ping,2007,84(1):44. 21 Abe F. Evolution of microstructure and acceleration of creep rate in tempered martensitic 9Cr-W steels[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,1997,234:1045. 22 Abe F. Bainitic and martensitic creep-resistant steels[J].Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science,2004,8(3):305. 23 伊勢田敦朗,吉澤満,岡田浩一,等.次世代ボイラ用9Cr鋼管SAVE12ADの開発[C]∥火力原子力発電大会論文集.新潟,2016:49. 24 Abe F. Creep rates and strengthening mechanisms in tungsten-strengthened 9Cr steels[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2001,319:770. 25 Abe F. Strengthening mechanisms in creep of advanced ferritic power plant steels based on creep deformation analysis[M]∥Advanced Steels. Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2011:409. 26 Abe F, Kutsumi H, Haruyama H, et al. Improvement of oxidation resistance of 9 mass% chromium steel for advanced-ultra supercritical power plant boilers by pre-oxidation treatment[J].Corrosion Science,2017,114:1. 27 张筑耀.超(超)临界机组用T/P92钢焊缝金属的高温性能及对其蠕变数据的分析[J].金属加工:热加工,2008(12):31. 28 Yang Nansen, Wei Yuhuan, Fu Hongzhen, et al. Study on the alloying practice in a solid-solution strengthened superalloy for use at 1 000 ℃[J].Iron and Steel,1984,19(11):28(in Chinese). 杨枬森,魏育环,傅宏镇,等.1 000 ℃固溶强化型高温合金的合金化研究[J].钢铁,1984,19(11):28. 29 Liu Z, Bao H, Chen Z, et al. Creep strength and oxidation resistance of industrially made G115 steel pipe[M]∥Energy Materials 2017. Springer International Publishing,2017:153. 30 Yan P, Liu Z, Weng Y. Effect of preferential heat treatment on microstructure of new martensitic heat resistant steel G115[M]∥Energy Materials 2014. Springer, Cham,2014:137.
渝公网安备50019002502923号 版权所有：《材料导报》编辑部
2018, Vol. 32 
