人工肌肉纤维的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.20030153

材料导报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (1): 1183-1195 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20030153

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

人工肌肉纤维的研究进展

王玉莲^1,2, 邸江涛^1,2, 李清文^1,2

1 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所,苏州 215123
2 中国科学技术大学纳米技术与纳米仿生学院,合肥 230026

Recent Progress in Artificial Muscles Fibers

WANG Yulian^1,2, DI Jiangtao^1,2, LI Qingwen^1,2

1 Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
2 School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

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摘要人工肌肉领域是一个高度跨学科的研究领域,在过去30年中发展迅速。人工肌肉是指一类材料在受到外部刺激如电压、电流、温度、压力、光线、湿度等产生响应,通过自身结构的变化而产生形变的材料,其在软体机器人、假肢、外骨骼及温度调节服等多种应用中具有非常重要的作用。人工肌肉根据其宏观表现形态一般可分为膜状和纤维状。纤维状人工肌肉可将外界刺激导致的体积膨胀通过其螺旋结构转换为纤维径向的转动和轴向的收缩,从而形成旋转驱动和伸缩驱动,其能量转换效率、功率密度以及做功都远高于现有的一些膜状驱动器。另外,纤维状人工肌肉不仅可以完成伸缩、转动等运动,还可通过并股和编织等方式实现更复杂的运动,因其力学性能优异、柔韧性好,且在形式上更接近自然生物肌肉,从而更具优势。人工肌肉纤维还可以以多种不同的形式进行驱动,包括温差驱动、溶剂/气体吸附或渗透驱动、电化学驱动以及气压驱动。
近年来,基于柔性纤维状材料的人工肌肉的研究取得了很大的进展。人工高分子纤维(如尼龙线)、人工无机纤维(如碳纳米管纤维、石墨烯纤维等)、天然纤维(如蜘蛛丝、蚕丝等)因具有本征柔性的特征,在人工肌肉纤维的原材料上扮演着重要角色。
本文综述了人工肌肉纤维的研究进展,分别对人工肌肉纤维的驱动材料、工作机制、驱动方式、评价参数及智能织物方面进行了总结,并在最后对人工肌肉纤维领域亟待解决的问题进行了分析与讨论。

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关键词: 人工肌肉纤维纱线驱动器织物

Abstract: Artificial muscle research is a highly interdisciplinary field that has been developing rapidly in the past three decades. Artificial muscle refers to a kind of material that will undergo structural change and will consequently be deformed when exposed to external stimuli such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, light, and humidity. It plays an important role in various applications such as soft robots, artificial limbs, exoske-letons, and temperature-regulating clothing. According to their macroscopic appearance, artificial muscles can be classified into membranous muscles and fibrous muscles, in which the former, through their coiled structure, can convert the external-stimuli-induced volume expansion into radial rotation and axial contraction, and thus can achieve rotational actuation and contractile actuation, respectively, exhibiting obvious superiority to some existing membranous actuators in energy conversion efficiency, power density, and working performance. In addition, artificial muscles yarns can be knitted and woven into sophisticated structures which are capable of performing desired movements far more complicated than contraction and rotation, and which have excellent mechanical properties, good flexibility and similarity to natural biological muscles. Moreover, artificial muscles fibers can be actuated by various approaches such as thermal expansion, solvent/gas adsorption or infiltration, electrochemical double-layer charge injection, or even compressed air (pneumatic actuating).
In recent years, there has been tremendous success in the study of artificial muscles produced from flexible fibrous materials. Artificial polymer fibers, artificial inorganic fibers, and natural fibers, owing to their inherent flexibility, are the main raw materials.
In this review, we highlight the state-of-the-art researches on fibrous artificial muscles from the perspectives of constituent materials, working mechanisms, actuating modes, evaluative parameters, and relevant intelligent fabrics which can be obtained. We also discuss critically but briefly some key obstructive issues in this field.

Key words: artificial muscle fiber yarn actuator fabric

出版日期: 2021-01-10 发布日期: 2021-01-19

ZTFLH:

TB381

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(21975281;21773293;21603264)

作者简介: 王玉莲,2017年6月毕业于山东科技大学,获得理学学士学位。现为中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所博士研究生,在邸江涛研究员的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为人工肌肉及新型储能器件。
邸江涛,中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所研究员、博士研究生导师。毕业于中科学院大学,获得理学博士学位。中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所研究员、博士生导师。主要从事于纳米碳基能量存储与转化器件的研究。在Science, PNAS, Advanced Materials, Nano Letters, ACS Nano, Advanced Functional Materials, Small等国内外期刊上发表论文30余篇,被引千余次,应邀为Advanced Materials, Nano Letters, Small等学术期刊审稿。
李清文,中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所副所长、研究员、博士研究生导师。2000年获得清华大学化学系博士学位;2001/3和2007/12期间分别在北京大学化学系、英国剑桥大学材料系和美国Los Alamos 国家实验室以博士后和助理研究员身份从事碳纳米管制备与应用研究。2007年底回国加入苏州纳米所。目前主要从事半导体碳纳米管精准制备及碳基电子器件、纳米碳宏观组装体制备及加工、功能复合材料等方面研究。在Nature,Nat. Mater.,Nat. Nanotech., Adv. Mater., JACS, ACS Nano, Small等著名国际期刊上发表学术论文280余篇,被引10 000余次,获得授权发明专利50余项。担任国际著名期刊Mater. Sci. Eng. R Rep、Carbon、Adv. Electron. Mater.等杂志的编辑或编委。

引用本文:

王玉莲, 邸江涛, 李清文. 人工肌肉纤维的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(1): 1183-1195.
WANG Yulian, DI Jiangtao, LI Qingwen. Recent Progress in Artificial Muscles Fibers. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(1): 1183-1195.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20030153 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I1/1183

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