Research Progress of Hydrogen Storage Alloy as Anode Catalyst for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell
YAN Jing1, TIAN Xiao1, ZHAO Xuan1, ZHAO Lijuan1, YANG Yanchun1, CHEN Jun2
1 Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022 2 College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871
Abstract: Direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a new kind of fuel cell that can convert chemical energy directly into power.This battery has been paid much attention because of its high theoretical voltage, high energy density, less pollution to environment and so on. However, in the process of working in DBFC, since BH4- is prone to hydrolysis and releases hydrogen, the number of actually transferred electrons is reduced, the fuel utilization rate is lowered, and the generated hydrogen gas also brings hidden danger to the battery. Studies have shown that the performance of DBFC largely depends on the electrochemical reaction of borohydride molecules at the anode, while the electrochemical reaction on the anode is directly controlled by the anode catalyst. So that, the anode catalyst is the key factor affecting DBFC electrochemical performance. In the past, people usually used precious metals (such as Au, Pt, Ag, Pd, etc.) or precious metal alloys as the anode catalyst of DBFC, and some have used transition metals (such as Ni). Although the precious metal catalyst has good catalytic properties, it cannot be widely used because of its cost problem. In spite of the transition metal has low cost, its catalytic performance is not outstanding enough. Therefore, the choice of anode catalyst is the key to the wide application of DBFC. In recent years, hydrogen storage alloys with reversible hydrogen absorption and release properties have attracted great attention from DBFC researchers due to their special hydrogen storage characteristics, so thatresearchers have took hydrogen storage alloys as anode catalysts of DBFC. Studies have shown that in addition to the direct catalytic ability similar to noble metal catalysts, hydrogen storage alloys can also adsorb (or storage) hydrogen released from the hydrolysis side reactions that occur during DBFC operation, and then released in the form of electrical energy under certain conditions, thus improving fuel utilization. In addition, as anode catalyst of DBFC, hydrogen storage alloys not only reduce the cost of raw materials, inhibit the side reaction and improve the fuel efficiency, but also have some advantages in stability. In order to make full use of the catalytic properties of hydrogen storage alloys, people have tried to modify the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy, change the crystal structure, optimize the composition and other multiple methods. Theory and experiment studied show that hydrogen storage alloy is a DBFC non-precious metal catalyst with potential application. In this paper, the working principle of DBFC, the mechanism of hydrogen absorption and desorption of hydrogen storage alloy and the reaction mechanism of hydrogen storage alloy as anode catalyst of DBFC are briefly introduced. The research progress of hydrogen storage alloy as anode catalyst of DBFC in recent years is reviewed. The performance of AB5 and AB2 hydrogen storage alloys as anode catalysts of DBFC is studied, especially in recent years. Finally, the problems and future development trends of hydrogen storage alloys as anode catalysts of DBFC are pointed out.
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2019, Vol. 33 
