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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (4): 25030017-11    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25030017
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
微藻水热碳化技术的机理、调控与应用:面向“双碳”目标的生物质基功能材料的研究进展
毕浩, 韩清清, 吴平, 陈思源, 虞育杰, 黄睿*
贵州大学电气工程学院,贵阳 550025
Mechanisms,Regulation,and Applications of Microalgae Hydrothermal Carbonization:Advances in Biomass-based Functional Materials Toward “Dual-Carbon” Objectives
BI Hao, HAN Qingqing, WU Ping, CHEN Siyuan, YU Yujie, HUANG Rui*
School of Electrical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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摘要 本文围绕微藻水热碳化技术展开全面综述,旨在实现“双碳”目标下替代传统碳材料制备路径。传统碳材料源于化石燃料,而生物质是理想替代品,微藻因自身特性成为制备掺杂碳材料的优质碳源。本文首先阐述微藻水热碳化原理,涵盖微藻主要成分(碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂质等)在水热碳化中的转化及其对产物产生的影响,并系统解析了水热碳化反应机理的化学本质及其相互作用机制,基于上述机理,探讨了温度、水热时长等关键参数对碳材料理化特征的调控作用。在此基础上,本文综述了微藻水热碳材料在环境治理(污水治理、气体吸附、土壤改良)、储能(电池与超级电容器储能)和催化等领域的广泛应用,因其具有高比表面积等优异物理化学特性,在各领域表现出色。最后指出该技术虽取得进展,但在材料性能优化和反应机理研究上仍面临挑战,未来有望通过工艺创新、深入研究内在联系及结合新兴技术,实现大规模工业化生产,提升材料性能,拓展应用边界,助力可持续发展。
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毕浩
韩清清
吴平
陈思源
虞育杰
黄睿
关键词:  “双碳”战略  碳材料制备  生物质  微藻  水热碳化  性能调控  碳材料应用    
Abstract: This review systematically presents a comprehensive analysis of microalgae hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology, offering critical insights into its underlying mechanisms, process regulation, and multifunctional applications toward achieving “dual-carbon” objectives. As a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-derived carbon materials, microalgae-based HTC leverages the unique composition of microalgae—rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids—to synthesize doped carbon materials with tunable physicochemical properties. The review begins by elucidating the hydrothermal conversion mechanisms of microalgal components, detailing how carbohydrates contribute to carbon skeleton formation, proteins enable nitrogen doping, and lipids modulate pore structure development. Key reaction pathways, including hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, and polycondensation, are analyzed in the context of temperature, residence time, pH, and microalgae-to-water ratio, which collectively govern the yield, elemental composition, and surfacefunctionality of hydrochars. Subsequently, the advanced applications of HTC-derived carbon materials are highlighted across environmental remediation (heavy metal adsorption, CO2 capture, soil amendment), energy storage (sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors), and catalysis (photothermal conversion, biodiesel synthesis). These materials exhibit superior performance owing to their high specific surface area, hierarchical porosity, and heteroatom-doped surfaces, enabling efficient mass transfer and active site exposure. Although significant progress has been made, challenges remain in refining structure-property relationships, enhancing mate-rial conductivity and cycle stability, and scaling up production processes with energy efficiency. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing integrative approaches that combine computational modeling, process intensification, and hybrid activation strategies to deepen mechanistic understanding, optimize material performance, and facilitate industrial deployment. By bridging fundamental science and technological innovation, microalgae HTC holds promise as a pivotal pathway for sustainable carbon material production, aligning with global goals for low-carbon development and circular bioeconomy.
Key words:  “dual-carbon” strategy    carbon material synthesis    biomass    microalgae    hydrothermal carbonization    performance modulation    carbon material applications
出版日期:  2026-02-25      发布日期:  2026-02-13
ZTFLH:  TB321  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(52266006;52366008);贵州省省级科技计划项目(ZK[2022]一般061;ZK[2022]一般139)
通讯作者:  * 黄睿,博士,贵州大学电气工程学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。目前主要研究方向为:多孔碳质气体吸附剂的设计;微藻基富氮含氧超微孔碳材料的热化学可控构筑及CO2吸附特性调控;深共熔溶剂水热预处理定向解聚微藻生物质的热化学机理及析出特性研究。rhuang3@gzu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  毕浩,贵州大学电气工程学院硕士研究生,在黄睿副教授的指导下进行深共熔溶剂辅助微藻水热碳材料氮氧元素富集热化学机理方面的研究。
引用本文:    
毕浩, 韩清清, 吴平, 陈思源, 虞育杰, 黄睿. 微藻水热碳化技术的机理、调控与应用:面向“双碳”目标的生物质基功能材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(4): 25030017-11.
BI Hao, HAN Qingqing, WU Ping, CHEN Siyuan, YU Yujie, HUANG Rui. Mechanisms,Regulation,and Applications of Microalgae Hydrothermal Carbonization:Advances in Biomass-based Functional Materials Toward “Dual-Carbon” Objectives. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(4): 25030017-11.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25030017  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I4/25030017
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