双重异质结构316L不锈钢的制备及力学性能研究

doi:10.11896/cldb.25040134

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (8): 25040134-6 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25040134

金属与金属基复合材料

双重异质结构316L不锈钢的制备及力学性能研究

胡剑^*, 余遥遥, 廖江洁, 黄海, 邱靖

华东交通大学材料科学与工程学院,南昌 330013

Study on the Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Dual Heterogeneous Structured 316L Stainless Steel

HU Jian^*, YU Yaoyao, LIAO Jiangjie, HUANG Hai, QIU Jing

School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China

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摘要通过冷轧-退火(CR-A)及表面机械滚压处理-退火(SMRT-A)工艺,成功制备了兼具异质片层结构(HLS)和梯度结构(GS)的双重异质结构316L不锈钢,旨在实现优异的强塑性匹配。微观结构表征及力学性能测试结果表明,经CR-A处理后,材料形成了由超细晶与粗晶组成的典型异质片层结构;后续SMRT-A处理则在材料表面形成了厚度约450 μm的梯度变形层,该区域呈现出晶粒尺寸及位错密度的连续梯度分布特征。值得注意的是,应变梯度的引入显著提升了材料的综合性能。热处理后试样的显微硬度最高可达5.4 GPa,较基体提升了125%;同时获得了889 MPa的屈服强度和1 008 MPa的抗拉强度,且仍保持20%的延伸率。分析表明,材料的异质片层结构通过粗晶区的塑性变形能力对整体塑性保留起到关键作用。与此同时,梯度结构(GS)引入的细晶强化、背应力强化以及形变诱导马氏体转变等多重强化机制的协同作用,使得HLS-GS试样展现出优异的强塑性匹配。这一研究为开发高性能不锈钢材料提供了新的思路和实验依据。

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	胡剑
	余遥遥
	廖江洁
	黄海
	邱靖

关键词: 316L不锈钢冷轧(CR) 表面机械滚压处理(SMRT) 梯度结构异质片层结构(HLS)

Abstract: A dual heterogeneous-structured 316L stainless steel with heterogeneous lamellar structure (HLS) and gradient structure (GS) was successfully fabricated through cold rolling-annealing (CR-A) and surface mechanical rolling treatment-annealing (SMRT-A) processes in this work, aiming to achieve an excellent strength-ductility balance. Microstructural characterization and mechanical property tests revealed that the CR-A treatment leads to the formation of a typical heterogeneous lamellar structure composed of ultrafine grains and coarse grains. Subsequent SMRT-A processing generates a gradient deformation layer approximately 450 μm thick on the material surface, exhibiting continuous gradient distributions in grain size, dislocation density, and recrystallization degree. Notably, the introduction of strain gradients significantly enhances the overall performance of the material. After heat treatment, the maximum microhardness of the sample reachs 5.4 GPa, representing a 125% improvement over the matrix, while achieving a yield strength of 889 MPa and a tensile strength of 1 008 MPa, and its elongation still maintaines at 20%. Analysis reveals that the heterogeneous laminated structure (HLS) plays a pivotal role in preserving overall plasticity through the plastic deformation capacity of coarse-grained regions. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of multiple strengthening mechanisms introduced by the gradient structure (GS)-including grain refinement strengthening, back stress strengthening, and deformation-induced martensitic transformation-collectively enable the HLS-GS specimen to demonstrate exceptional strength-ductility synergy. This research provides new insights and experimental foundations for developing high-performance stainless steel materials.

Key words: 316L stainless steel cold rolling (CR) surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT) gradient structure (GS) heterogeneous lamellar structure (HLS)

出版日期: 2026-04-25 发布日期: 2026-05-06

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(52565036);江西省自然科学基金(20242BAB26052)

通讯作者: * 胡剑,博士,华东交通大学材料学院二级教授,博士研究生导师,主要从事高性能纳米金属材料研究。hu@ecjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

胡剑, 余遥遥, 廖江洁, 黄海, 邱靖. 双重异质结构316L不锈钢的制备及力学性能研究[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(8): 25040134-6.
HU Jian, YU Yaoyao, LIAO Jiangjie, HUANG Hai, QIU Jing. Study on the Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Dual Heterogeneous Structured 316L Stainless Steel. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(8): 25040134-6.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25040134 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I8/25040134

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