Abstract: The inherently low toughness of Ti(C, N)-based cermets has limited their development and practical application. To overcome this limitation, Ti(C, N)-based cermets were fabricated by incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcing agents, using spark plasma sintering (SPS) under optimized conditions:a sintering pressure of 25 MPa, a holding time of 12 min, and a sintering temperature of 1 400 ℃. Microstructural analysis and comprehensive property evaluation revealed that the Ti(C, N)-based cermet achieved its optimal perfor-mance at an MWCNTs content of 0.4wt%. The microstructure exhibits a distinct core-ring configuration with well-defined interfaces, and the Ti(C, N) hard-phase grains are refined to a minimum size of 0.50 μm. Under these optimized conditions, the sample achieves a density of 6.39 g/cm3, a Vickers hardness of 2 032HV, a fracture toughness of 11.6 MPa·m1/2, and a saturation magnetization strength of 6.2 emu/g. Compared to the cermet without MWCNTs, the sample shows an 8% increase in Vickers hardness and a 29% improvement in fracture toughness. SPS promotes the densification and enhances the mechanical properties of cermets. A suitable amount of MWCNTs inhibits grain growth, while the synergistic effects of their bridging and pull-out mechanisms lead to a notable improvement in fracture toughness.
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2026, Vol. 40 
