Optimization of Grouting Materials and Time-dependent Mechanical Properties in High-temperature and Water-rich Environments
ZHANG Jiyun1,2, LI Jianing1, WANG Shuren1,3,*, YU Yongqiang1,3, FAN Lidan1,3, CAO Yunxing4, ZHANG Xinsheng1,4, BAI Erhu5,*, GUO Cong1, LIU Bingchen1
1 School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China 2 Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Safety Operation and Maintenance of Underground Engineering in Henan Province, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China 3 International Joint Research Laboratory of Henan Province for Underground Space Development and Disaster Prevention, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China 4 Henan International Joint Laboratory for Unconventional Energy Geology and Development, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China 5 School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China
Abstract: To address the challenges posed by high-temperature and water-rich tunnel environments to the mechanical performance of grouting mate-rials, this work developed a modified cement-based grouting material incorporating metakaolin and NaOH. A temperature-time coupled experimental system was established to investigate the evolution of material performance. Based on preliminary trials, the optimal mix was determined as 8% metakaolin (by cement mass) and 1% NaOH (by metakaolin mass). A 90-day curing experiment was conducted under constant water temperatures ranging from 20 ℃ to 60 ℃. SEM analysis at 28 days was conducted to support the analysis of compressive strength and permeability. The results demonstrated that the modified grouted bodies exhibit higher compressive strength and lower permeability than neat cement grout. Mechanical performance varies significantly with temperature:strength remains stable below 40 ℃ but declines above 50 ℃;permeability first decreases then increases at 40 ℃, and rises abruptly at 60 ℃ after initial stability. Microstructural observation revealed that 40 ℃ produces the densest microstructure and lowest porosity, consistent with macroscopic behavior. These findings provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing grouting materials in high-temperature, water-rich tunnel environments.
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2026, Vol. 40 
