阻燃聚合物复合材料研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.24110008

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (23): 24110008-12 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24110008

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

阻燃聚合物复合材料研究进展

刘小雅¹, 杨伏生^1,2,*

1 西安科技大学化学与化工学院,西安 710054
2 自然资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室,西安 710021

Recent Advances in Flame-retardant Polymer Composites

LIU Xiaoya¹, YANG Fusheng^1,2,*

1 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
2 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an 710021, China

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摘要相比传统材料,聚合物复合材料大多具有密度低、比强度高、耐化学腐蚀、热稳定性好和易加工成型等特点,目前在航空航天、电子、建筑、汽车、化工、纺织、消防等领域得到广泛应用,但易燃性严重制约了其在明火或高温环境的安全性和可靠性,因此,降低其易燃性已成为工业应用的强制要求,开发阻燃型聚合物复合材料成为有效途径。近年来,环境友好型高效阻燃剂开发和配方设计,功能型植物纤维、多孔易修饰的金属有机框架化合物以及纳米矿物增强的聚合物复合材料研究均取得长足进步,对提升新型轻质、高强、多功能阻燃复合材料附加值和拓宽其应用领域具有重要影响。本文综述近年来卤系、磷系和镁系等传统阻燃剂,以及硅系、碳系、生物质基、金属有机骨架基和离子液体基等新型阻燃剂开发和功能化现状,归纳聚合物复合材料阻燃改性技术,总结复合材料阻燃机理,展望阻燃聚合物复合材料发展趋势,以期为新颖环保型高性能阻燃材料开发与利用提供参考。

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	刘小雅
	杨伏生

关键词: 聚合物复合材料阻燃剂功能化改性阻燃机理

Abstract: Polymer composites are widely used in the fields such as aeronautics and astronautics, electronics, architecture, automotive, chemical industry, textile and fire engineering, due totheir low density, high specific strength, chemical corrosion resistance, good thermal stability and easy formability compared with traditional materials. However, flammability seriously restricts their safety and reliability in open flame and high-temperature environments. Therefore, flammability reduction has become a mandatory requirement for industrial applications, and the development of flame-retardant polymer composites is an effective approach. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development and formulation design of environmentally friendly and efficient flame retardants, functional plant fibers, porous and easily modifiable metal organic framework compounds, and nano mineral reinforced polymer composites, contributing to new value-added lightweight, high-strength, flame-retardant functional composites exploration and application expansion. Recent development and functionalization status of traditional flame retardants, such as halogen-based, phosphorus-based, and magnesium-based, as well as novel flame retardants involving silicon-based, carbon-based, biomass-based, metal organic framework based, and ionic liquid based, were reviewed in this paper. Modification techniques for flame retardancy, together with flame retardation mechanism of the composites, were also summarized. Trends of flame-retardant polymer composites were finally proposed, in order to provide reference for further development and utilization of novel environmentally-friendly high-performance flame-retardant composites.

Key words: polymer composite flame-retardant functional modification flame retardation mechanism

出版日期: 2025-12-10 发布日期: 2025-12-03

ZTFLH:

TB34

基金资助: 陕西省重点研发计划(2023-LL-QY-05)

通讯作者: ^*杨伏生,博士,西安科技大学化学与化工学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事矿物功能材料和矿物加工智能化等方面的研究。fushengyang@163.com

作者简介: 刘小雅,西安科技大学化学与化工学院硕士研究生,在杨伏生副教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为矿物功能材料。

引用本文:

刘小雅, 杨伏生. 阻燃聚合物复合材料研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(23): 24110008-12.
LIU Xiaoya, YANG Fusheng. Recent Advances in Flame-retardant Polymer Composites. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(23): 24110008-12.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24110008 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I23/24110008

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