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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (7): 25030013-7    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25030013
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
根部间隙及热处理对7075Al合金AC-CMT焊接头组织及性能的影响
王克宽1,2, 刘剑2, 崔琬婷2, 张博3, 张宝俊3,4, 李亮玉1, 牛虎理2,*
1 天津工业大学机械工程学院,天津 300387
2 中国石油集团工程技术研究有限公司,天津 300451
3 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,沈阳 110016
4 重庆大学光电技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆 400044
Effect of Root Gap and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of AC-CMT Arc Welded 7075Al Alloy Joint
WANG Kekuan1,2, LIU Jian2, CUI Wanting2, ZHANG Bo3, ZHANG Baojun3,4, LI Liangyu1, NIU Huli2,*
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
2 CNPC Engineering Technology Research Company Limited, Tianjin, 300451, China
3 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
4 Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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摘要 7075Al合金因优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀性,广泛应用于航空航天、轨道交通、石油石化等工业领域。然而采用传统的电弧焊焊接时,接头强度和耐腐蚀性能大大降低,并极易产生裂纹,可焊性较差。利用定制的7075Al合金焊丝和I形坡口对3 mm厚7075Al合金进行AC-CMT电弧焊接,研究了根部间隙和热处理对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明,7075Al合金交流CMT电弧焊焊缝成形美观,除了熄弧部位偶尔会出现弧坑裂纹外,焊缝其他部位未发现任何裂纹。坡口间隙由2 mm增大为3 mm后,电弧因下潜而受到压缩,电弧电压降低,焊缝正面熔宽减小而背面熔宽增大;焊缝中心部位的晶粒尺寸稍有增大,而熔合线附近的焊缝及热影响区晶粒尺寸减小,晶界上析出的共晶T相由以条状为主转变为点状为主、尺寸减小,接头抗拉强度和延伸率明显增大。热处理后,3 mm间隙下的焊缝中条状T相基本消失,而2 mm间隙下焊缝中仍存在少量条状T相,两种间隙的接头强度均提高,而3 mm间隙的抗拉强度提高更加明显,达到了母材的抗拉强度。
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王克宽
刘剑
崔琬婷
张博
张宝俊
李亮玉
牛虎理
关键词:  交流CMT电弧焊  根部间隙  晶粒尺寸  抗拉强度    
Abstract: The 7075Al alloy has been widely used in various industrial fields such as aerospace, rail transportation, petroleum and petrochemical industries due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, this alloy is considered to be poor weldability with conventional arc welding because of its high cracking susceptibility and great decrease in strength and corrosion properties of the welded joint. In thiswork, 3 mm thick 7075Al alloy was AC-CMT arc welded with customized 7075Al alloy welding wire and I-shaped groove. The effects of root gap and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of the joint were studied. The results showed that the weld formation was excellent without any cracks in internal parts of the weld, except for crater cracks occasionally observed in the arc extinguishing end. With the root gap increasing from 2 mm to 3 mm, the arc length and arc root diameter decrease due to its plunging into the gap, and the arc voltage decreases. The front weld width decreases while the back weld width increases. The grain in the central zone of the weld is slightly coarsened, while the grain near the fusion line in both the weld and HAZ is refined. The morphology of eutectic T-phase precipitated at the grain boundary changes from strip to globular shape, with a decrease in size. The tensile strength and elongation of the joint increase remarkably. After heat treatment, the strip-shaped T-phase in the weld metal with a 3 mm gap basically disappears, while there is still a small amount of strip-shaped T-phase in the weld metal with a 2 mm gap. The tensile strength of welded joints with individual root gaps significantly increases, while that of the welded joint with 3 mm root gap increases more significantly, reaching the tensile strength of the base material.
Key words:  AC-CMT arc welding    root gap    grain size    tensile strength
发布日期:  2026-04-16
ZTFLH:  TG442  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51605468);中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2023ZZ1203)
通讯作者:  *牛虎理,中国石油集团工程技术研究有限公司教授级高级工程师、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事焊接工艺与检测、特种材料焊接等方面的研究。114310930@qq.com   
作者简介:  王克宽,天津工业大学机械工程学院博士研究生、中国石油集团工程技术研究有限公司高级工程师,在牛虎理教授、李亮玉教授的指导下进行研究,目前主要研究领域为高强铝合金焊接。
引用本文:    
王克宽, 刘剑, 崔琬婷, 张博, 张宝俊, 李亮玉, 牛虎理. 根部间隙及热处理对7075Al合金AC-CMT焊接头组织及性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(7): 25030013-7.
WANG Kekuan, LIU Jian, CUI Wanting, ZHANG Bo, ZHANG Baojun, LI Liangyu, NIU Huli. Effect of Root Gap and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of AC-CMT Arc Welded 7075Al Alloy Joint. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(7): 25030013-7.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25030013  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I7/25030013
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