预氧化在高性能钠离子电池用硬炭制备改性中发挥的作用

doi:10.11896/cldb.24090241

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (20): 24090241-13 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24090241

无机非金属及其复合材料

预氧化在高性能钠离子电池用硬炭制备改性中发挥的作用

惠功领¹, 张晋豪¹, 解炜¹, 辛智^1,2, 毛昳萱^3,4, 陈成猛^3,*

1 中煤华利能源控股有限公司,北京 100020
2 中煤华利新疆炭素科技有限公司,新疆哈密 839200
3 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所,太原 030001
4 中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京 100049

The Role of Pre-oxidation in the Preparation and Modification of Hard Carbon for High-performance Sodium-ion Batteries

HUI Gongling¹, ZHANG Jinhao¹, XIE Wei¹, XIN Zhi^1,2, MAO Yixuan^3,4, CHEN Chengmeng^3,*

1 China Coal Huali Energy Holdings Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
2 China Coal Huali Xinjiang Carbon Technology Corporation Ltd., Hami 839200, Xinjiang, China
3 Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
4 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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摘要钠离子电池因其优异的安全性能以及低成本等优势,已成为下一代高效储能体系的首选。硬炭作为其唯一可商业化的负极材料,具有高首圈库仑效率以及循环稳定性好等优势,是通过对各类前驱体进行一系列的改性处理合成的。在众多改性手段中,预氧化处理由于简便高效,是制备高性能硬炭的有效前处理策略,包括气相氧化、液相氧化、固相氧化等形式。然而,不同硬炭前驱体的复杂分子结构对应不同的氧化机制,不清晰的分子结构演变过程以及其对硬炭结构的作用机制阻碍了高性能硬炭的设计。本文聚焦不同的硬炭前驱体经过预氧化合成硬炭过程中的结构演变,并且详细论述了预氧化对硬炭结构演变的几种作用机制,从矿物质类、生物质类以及合成大分子类这三类常见的硬炭前驱体入手综述了预氧化在高性能钠离子电池用硬炭制备改性中发挥的作用,对不同分子结构预氧化方式的选择提供了一定的参考。

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	惠功领
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	陈成猛

关键词: 锂/钠离子电池硬炭预氧化结构演变

Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries have become the preferred choice for next-generation high-efficiency energy storage systems due to advantages such as excellent safety performance as well as low cost. Hard carbon, as its unique commercially available anode material with benefits such as high first efficiency and good cycling stability, is synthesized from a series of modification treatments through precursors. Among the numerous modification means, pre-oxidation treatment is an effective pretreatment strategy for the preparation of high-performance hard carbon due to its simplicity and high efficiency, including gas-phase oxidation, liquid-phase oxidation, solid-phase oxidation, and other forms. However, due to the complex molecular structures of different hard carbon precursors corresponding to different oxidation mechanisms, the unclear molecular structure evolution and its mechanism of action on the hard carbon structure hinder the design of high-performance hard carbon. In this review, we focus on the evolution of different hard carbon precursors in the process of synthesizing hard carbon through preoxidation, and discuss in detail several mechanisms of preoxidation on the structural evolution of hard carbon. And we review the role of preoxidation in the preparation and modification of hard carbon for high-performance sodium-ion batteries from the perspective of three common hard carbon precursors, namely, mineral, biomass and synthetic molecules, which provides some references to the selection of preoxidation modes of different molecular structures.

Key words: lithium/sodium ion batteries hard carbon peroxidation structural evolution

发布日期: 2025-10-27

ZTFLH:

O613.71

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划 (2022YFB4101600);中煤-国科-煤化所联合企业项目(20241CS012)

通讯作者: *陈成猛,博士,中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所研究员、博士研究生导师。主要从事先进炭材料与储能器件研究。chencm@sxicc.ac.cn

作者简介: 惠功领,博士,中煤华利能源控股有限公司党委副书记、总经理。目前主要从事煤基炭材料相关工作。

引用本文:

惠功领, 张晋豪, 解炜, 辛智, 毛昳萱, 陈成猛. 预氧化在高性能钠离子电池用硬炭制备改性中发挥的作用[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(20): 24090241-13.
HUI Gongling, ZHANG Jinhao, XIE Wei, XIN Zhi, MAO Yixuan, CHEN Chengmeng. The Role of Pre-oxidation in the Preparation and Modification of Hard Carbon for High-performance Sodium-ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(20): 24090241-13.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24090241 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I20/24090241

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