相变材料的过冷现象及其抑制方法的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.18100048

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Abstract  Supercooling is a metastable state produced in the process of liquid-solid phase transition to provide energy for ionic diffusion, crystal growth and crystal surface expansion. Although it is the driving force of crystallization, the excessive supercooling degree leads to the decrease of crystallization temperature and extension of crystallization time, which further makes the stored energy released in unsuited temperature and reduces the thermal energy utilization efficiency.The excessive supercooling degree has become one of the most important factors that restrict the large-scale application of phase change thermal storage technology.
    Numerous experimental results demonstrate that supercooling phenomenon is closely related to the formation and growth rate of melt crystal nucleus, environment temperature, roughness of contact surface, melt temperature, etc. Unfortunately, the intrinsic mechanism of the supercooling phenomenon is still problematic, and yet it is also necessary to experimentally explore the influence law and the regulation means. Currently, manual seeding including adding nucleating agents or nanoparticles, introducing additives before capsulation or fluidization, as well as dynamic nucleation including mechanical vibration, stirring and ultrasonic irradiation, are the most effective ways to induce crystallization.
    Heterogeneous nucleation induced by adding nucleating agents, nanoparticles and partially unmelted parent phase crystals is the most commonly used and effective method to eliminate supercooling. In order to improve the dispersibility of additives and prevent phase separation of hydrated inorganic salt, a certain amount of thickening agents is often required to be added apart from nucleating agent, but the addition amounts of the two need to be optimized. Capsulation can change the crystallization characteristics of phase change materials. Previous research has reached a consensus that dispersing nucleating agents prior to capsulation will improve the supercooling degree of phase change materials. Ultrasonic oscillation, the commonly used dynamic nucleation method, can accelerate the crystallization process and improve the dispersion of the crystal nucleus by breaking crystals and mixing with the melt. The addition of nanoparticles along with applying ultrasonic process are also conducive to suppressing supercooling.
    This paper briefly described the supercooling phenomenon and typical supercooling curves, as well as the factors influencing supercooling degree. In addition, it summarizes the methods of suppressing supercooling, including adding additives method, capsulation method, functional fluid method and ultrasonic vibration method.

Key words： phase change materials supercooling degree nucleation theory supercooling suppresson capsulation functional fluid additive ultrasonic vibration

Published: 12 September 2019

CLC number:

TB34

Fund:This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51562023) and Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (145RJZA185)

About author:: Zhengfei Zhang received his B.S. degree from North China University of Science and Technology in June, 2016. Currently, he is pursuing his M.S. degree at the College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology under the supervision of Prof. Yi Wang. His research is focused on the supercooling cha-racteristics of polyol-based composite phase change materials.
Yi Wang received his Dr. degree in advanced materials and fabrication technology from Lanzhou University of Technology in June, 2014. He was selected as the eighth instalment of “Western light” senior visiting scholar and learned from Academician Yang Wantai in 2013. Currently, he is a full professor, doctoral supervisor and director of Department of Applied Chemistry, Lanzhou University of Technology. His research interests are phase change energy storage and environmental catalysis. In these areas, more than 40 papers has been published, including Solar Energy Materials ＆ Solar Cells, Energy and Buildings, Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion and Management, etc.

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Cite this article:

ZHANG Zhengfei,QIN Ziyi,LI Yong, et al. Progress in Supercooling and Suppression Methods of Phase Change Materials[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(21): 3613-3619.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.18100048 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2019/V33/I21/3613

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