Progress of MX Type Carbonitride Reinforcement in Reduced Activated Ferrite/Martensitic Heat-resistant Steel
ZHOU Jinhua, SHEN Yongfeng
Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819
Abstract: Reduced activated ferrite/martensitic (RAFM) heat-resistant steel is considered to be the primary option of the structural materials for nuclear fusion energy reactors, due to its favorable mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion resistance under strong irradiation conditions. However, the low temperature creep resistance and radiation resistance of RAFM steels greatly limit the service temperature and conversion efficiency of the nuclear fusion reactors. The MX type carbonitrides is an important strengthening phase in steels, which have fine stability at high temperature, can effectively hinder the movement and annihilation of dislocations, and improve the high temperature creep properties of steel.In addition, the precipitation of MX type carbonitrides can also increase the interface ratio of steel. The interface is a good defect trap, which can effectively trap the point defects such as atoms and vacancies caused by irradiation, and improve the irradiation resistance of steel. Therefore, further increasing the content of MX type carbonitride in steel is considered to be an effective way to improve the mechanical properties of RAFM steel.Currently, there are three effective processes to improve the MX type carbonitrides content in RAFM steel: the nitride-strengthening process, the deformation heat treatment (TMT) process, and the Ti-addition process. All three processes can effectively improve the high temperature tensile and creep properties of steel, but the influence on the comprehensive mechanical properties of steel is not exactly same.The nitride-strengthening process mainly aims to promote the precipitation of MX type carbonitride by reducing the C content of steel and increasing the N content. However, due to the high N content, coarse TaN inclusions are easily formed in the steel. Under the low temperature conditions, the critical crack size of the steel would be greatly reduced, and TaN inclusions would become the crack source in the impact process and lead the ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of steel increased substantially.The TMT process mainly heats the steel above the austenitizing temperature for heat preservation, making the carbide in the steel fully dissolved, then cools down the temperature to the melting point of the M23C6 type carbide and introduce a large amount of deformation to the steel, thereby generating a large number of dislocations and promoting the nucleation of MX type carbonitrides.Due to the high solid solution temperature and large deformation, after TMT treatment, the steel has a larger grain size and a higher stress state, which greatly reduces the impact performance of the steel. The Ti-addition process is mainly to introduce Ti element into steel. Ti is a good carbonitride forming element. It is very easy to combine with C and N elements to form MX type carbonitrides, thus increasing the content of MX type carbonitrides in steel.Unlike the nitride-streng-thening and TMT process, the Ti-addition process did not lead to coarse inclusions or excessive grain size in the steel, which shows the best comprehensive mechanical properties. Compared with the traditional RAFM steel, the high temperature mechanical properties and room temperature impact properties of the steel increase significantly, only the DBTT value increase slightly. Based on the strengthening mechanism, this paper mainly introduces the development of the MX type carbonitride reinforced RAFM steel in recent years,and the effects of three MX type carbonitrides reinforcement processes on the comprehensive mechanical properties of steel are also analyzed and compared. In addition, other problems that may be encountered in the future development of new types steels are listed, and a brief analysis of future research priorities is also carried out.
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2019, Vol. 33 
