Microporous Poly(Styrene-Divinylbenzene) Microspheres: Preparation, Modification and Application
BAO Jianmin, YAN Zhiying, LI Youxin
Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072
Abstract: As a new type of functional material, microporous polymer microspheres have provoked worldwide research inte-rest. They have particle size ranging from 1 μm to 100 μm, and internal permanent pores from a few angstrom up to several thousands of angstrom in their drying state. Due to their characteristics such as good sphericity, large specific surface area, low density, strong adsorptivity, high mechanical strength and compatibility to various solvents with different polarity, microporous polymer particles have displayed extensive application potential in the fields of the biomedicine, analytical chemistry, environmental protection, catalyst supports and electronic products, etc. Among them, microporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres inherit the ge-neral characteristics of porous polymer microspheres, and moreover, acquire the advantages of favorable physical, chemical and thermal stability, lower production cost and wide industrial applications, as well as high surface reactivity. Thereby microporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres have become the most widely used porous polymer particles at present. Owing to their attractive market prospect, the preparation and functionalization of microporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres have become the research focuses and obtained great success. Over the past decades, various methodologies have been developed and applied to the manufacture of microporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres. Suspension polymerization is the traditional and simple method to prepare poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres but results in broad particle size distribution. Seed swelling method has advantages on preparing monodispersed poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres with large size and functional groups. Besides, we can also use precipitation polymerization to obtain monodispersed polymer microspheres, though poor crosslinking density and low yield as well as difficulty to gain porous and functionalized product make this method less promising. Preparing poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres with microengineering emulsification techniques, including membrane/microchannel emulsification and microfluidics, will alleviate to get controllable size distribution and favorable reproducibility of particle size/pore size distribution. Hence microengineering emulsification opens a new path for the preparation of porous polymer particles. On the other side, noticeable efforts have also been made to introduce different functional groups onto the surface of porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres to impart hydrophilicity, solubility and biological affinity, which enable more diversified use, e.g. chromatographic packing, catalyst supports, biomedical materials and adsorbents. This article pioneers the summary over preparation and functionalization methods, important factors influencing pore size and distribution, with respect to microporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) microspheres. It also sketches out the appliance situation in recent years, and makes prospective discussion on the future development.
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2018, Vol. 32 
