Towards High-strength and High-toughness Ti(C,N)-based Cermets: a Technological Review
XIAO Shuiqing1,2, LIU Jie1,3, XIAO Baijun1, DENG Xin1, WU Shanghua1
1 School of Electro-mechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006; 2 Business College, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048; 3 School of Electro-mechanical Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483
Abstract: Ti(C,N) based cermets have been used widely in cutting tools and molds due to their excellent properties of high strength, high hardness, high temperature oxidation resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and abrasion resistance. During high temperature machining, cermet tools shows significantly high sticking resistance, thermal stability, and self-lubricating. Their red hardness, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance are better than cemented carbide ones. The usage of cermet cutting tools over that of the total cutting tools is more than 35% in Japan and more than 20% in both Europe and US, while in China, the number drops to 3%, indicating that the research, development, as well as the manufacture of cermet tools in China are far behind those in advanced countries. Therefore, it becomes extremely urgent and important to speed up the research, development, manufacture, and application of cermet cutting tools in China for the purpose of the development of the global manufacturing powerhouse for China, improving the precision and surface smoothness during high speed machining, increasing the machining efficiency of processing industry, gua-ranteeing the machining quality, and elevating the level of manufacture industry of cutting tools in China. The fatal drawbacks of Ti(C,N) based cermet include low impact resistance, low fracture toughness, as well as insufficient high temperature strength in spite of the superior red hardness, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance compared with cemented carbide tools. Therefore, significant research has been made on the strengthening and toughening of Ti(C,N) based cermet globally with some good results. The related research is focused on: Ⅰ. the composition of the ceramic and metal phases, Ⅱ. sintering processes, and Ⅲ. the adoption of nano-enhancement. In recent two years, due to the shortage and high price of Mo and Co, some research has been done on Mo and Co free Ti(C,N) based high-entropy alloys for the sake of low cost and high performance. In this paper, the global research on strengthening and toughening of Ti(C,N) based cermets has been classified, summarized, and generalized. It is found that, based on the current research results, the composition, microstructure and sintering process are the most important factors influencing the strength and toughness of Ti(C,N) based cermets. Three methods for strengthening and toughening of Ti(C,N) based cermets are summarized, including nano-particle toughening, whisker toughening, and fiber toughening. Finally, the urgent unresolved problems are summarized and the development direction is proposed for the strengthening and toughening of Ti(C,N) based cermets.
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2018, Vol. 32 
