Effects of Layered Biochar Application on the Infiltration Characteristics and Nutrient Retention of Planting Substrate Derived from Yellow River Sediment
1 MOE Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; 2 Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Cement-based Ecological Restoration Technology, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; 3 Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 4 Institute of Modern Agriculture on Yellow River Delta, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
Abstract: To address the dual challenges of sediment deposition in the Yellow River basin and the scarcity of soil and water in the ecological restoration of mining area slopes, this study systematically analyzed the regulatory effects of layered biochar application (2-cm surface layer, 8-cm base layer, and 10-cm full soil layer) on the infiltration characteristics and nutrient retention of the Yellow River sediment substrate through an indoor soil column constant water head infiltration test. The results indicated that: (ⅰ) In terms of infiltration characteristics, the application of biochar exclusively to the 2-cm surface layer (U1-D0, U2-D0) resulted in an elevated infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the substrate at the early age, which was detrimental to water retention. In contrast, the application of biochar at the 8-cm base layer (U0-D1, U0-D2) and the 10-cm full soil layer (U2-D1, U1-D1, U2-D2, U1-D2) resulted in a reduction in the soil's saturated hydraulic conductivity. The most significant effect, which can reduce the soil's saturated hydraulic conductivity by more than 45% compared with the control group (U0-D0), was observed when 1% is added at the 2-cm surface layer and 2% is added at the 8-cm base layer (U1-D2). (ⅱ) In terms of nutrient retention, the effect of adding biochar to the 2-cm surface layer on nutrient fixation exhibited instability, while the addition of varying proportions of biochar to the 8-cm base layer and the 10-cm full soil layer effectively reduced the loss of soil ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Among these treatments, U1-D2 showed the most significant impact, achieving reductions of 69.17%, 79.46%, and 68.77%, respectively. (ⅲ) The layered application strategy, which involves the application of an appropriate amount of biochar to the surface layer and a higher dosage to the base layer, simultaneously enhanced the water retention time in the soil, and established a relatively stable adsorption layer in the base layer of the soil sample. This process effectively adsorbs and retains the nutrients that migrate from the surface layer. The output of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of the Yellow River substrate in the ecological restoration of mines.
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2026, Vol. 40 
