块体二氧化硅气凝胶的常压制备及性能研究

doi:10.11896/cldb.25010023

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (2): 25010023-6 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25010023

无机非金属及其复合材料

块体二氧化硅气凝胶的常压制备及性能研究

彭慧慧, 秦灵, 白超云, 匡亮, 谢丹, 聂朝胤^*

西南大学材料与能源学院,重庆 400715

Study on the Preparation and Performance of Bulk Silica Aerogel at Atmospheric Pressure

PENG Huihui, QIN Ling, BAI Chaoyun, KUANG Liang, XIE Dan, NIE Chaoyin^*

School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

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摘要二氧化硅气凝胶的网络骨架多呈珍珠链状弱连接,交联程度低,导致其脆性、力学性能和成型性差。本工作采用环氧丙烷和明胶双重交联的方式,对二氧化硅气凝胶骨架进行强化,并对孔隙结构进行调控,在常压干燥条件下制得具有良好成形性和隔热性能的块体二氧化硅气凝胶。本工作重点研究了环氧丙烷与明胶对骨架增强的机理及明胶含量对气凝胶孔隙结构、大小等的影响规律。实验结果表明:环氧丙烷和明胶的协同作用使气凝胶形成更加立体的三维网络骨架,并促使二次粒子间由点接触的弱颈连接转变为细小粒子紧密堆叠的均匀结构,骨架连接强度显著增强。适量明胶的添加还可以抑制环氧丙烷开环后的自聚合,使气凝胶的孔隙更加均匀细小。所获得的气凝胶展现出优异的力学性能和隔热性能,压缩应力从2 080.31 kPa提升至2 760.61 kPa,导热系数从0.084 50 W·m^-1·K^-1下降至0.038 63 W·m^-1·K^-1。

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关键词: 块体气凝胶环氧丙烷明胶常压干燥隔热性能

Abstract: The network skeletons of silica aerogels are primarily characterized by weak connections arranged in a pearl chain-like manner, exhibiting a low degree of cross-linking. This structural configuration contributes to their brittleness, poor mechanical properties and formability. In this study, we adopt a double cross-linking method using propylene oxide and gelatin to enhance the silica aerogel skeletons and regulate pore structures. A bulk silica aerogel with improved formability and thermal insulation properties was prepared under ambient pressure drying conditions. The work emphasizes the strengthening mechanism of the skeletons by propylene oxide and gelatin as well as the influence of gelatin content on the pore structures, sizes, etc. of the aerogels. Experimental results indicate that the synergistic effect of propylene oxide and gelatin fosters the formation of a more three-dimensional network skeleton, promoting the transformation of the weak neck connections between secondary particles into a uniform structure of closely stacked fine particles. Consequently, the connection strength of the skeleton is significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the addition of an appropriate amount of gelatin can inhibit the self-polymerization of propylene oxide after ring opening, resulting in more uniform and finer pores within the aerogel. The resulting aerogel demonstrates excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties, with compressive stress increasing from 2 080.31 kPa to 2, 760.61 kPa, while thermal conductivity decreases from 0.084 50 W·m^-1·K^-1 to 0.038 63 W·m^-1·K^-1.

Key words: monolithic aerogel epoxypropane gelatin ambient pressure drying heat-insulating property

出版日期: 2026-01-25 发布日期: 2026-01-27

ZTFLH:

TQ427.2

通讯作者: *聂朝胤,西南大学材料与能源学院教授、博士研究生导师。目前主要从事PVD、CVD、电沉积涂层材料和功能气凝胶及其纳米复合材料方面的研究。niecy@swu.edu.cn

作者简介: 彭慧慧,现为西南大学材料与能源学院硕士研究生,在聂朝胤教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为纳米功能材料。

引用本文:

彭慧慧, 秦灵, 白超云, 匡亮, 谢丹, 聂朝胤. 块体二氧化硅气凝胶的常压制备及性能研究[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(2): 25010023-6.
PENG Huihui, QIN Ling, BAI Chaoyun, KUANG Liang, XIE Dan, NIE Chaoyin. Study on the Preparation and Performance of Bulk Silica Aerogel at Atmospheric Pressure. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(2): 25010023-6.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25010023 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I2/25010023

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