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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (1): 25020183-9    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25020183
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
耐高温氧化铝基纳米棒气凝胶的制备与性能研究
陈伟, 侯思凡, 王伟, 范锦鹏*
北京理工大学先进结构技术研究院,北京 100081
Synthesis and Properties of High-temperature-resistant Alumina-based Nanorod Aerogels
CHEN Wei, HOU Sifan, WANG Wei, FAN Jinpeng*
Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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摘要 气凝胶一直以来都被视为航天器热防护系统中极具潜力的候选材料。以往的氧化铝气凝胶主要由纳米颗粒构成,当温度超过1 200 ℃时,这些颗粒往往会转变为α-Al2O3,并伴随着骨架粗化与孔隙坍塌。本工作使用勃姆石微米粉这一廉价的无机原料,利用水热过程中酸根阴离子在勃姆石表面的吸附作用,合成了澄清透明的勃姆石纳米棒溶胶。随后运用溶胶凝胶法使纳米棒相互搭接,成功制备了具有良好耐热性能的氧化铝基纳米棒气凝胶。本工作对该气凝胶在高温条件下的微结构演化过程进行了研究,并探讨了影响其热稳定性的多种因素。结果表明,所制备的气凝胶展现出优良的综合性能,包括良好的耐热性(可承受1 400 ℃的高温)、极低的热导率(0.016 80～0.025 36 W·m-1·K-1)、低密度(0.090 9～0.097 5 g·cm-3)。本工作的成果有望推动航天器热防护材料领域的技术进步与创新发展。
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陈伟
侯思凡
王伟
范锦鹏
关键词:  氧化铝气凝胶  勃姆石纳米棒  水热反应  耐高温    
Abstract: Aerogels have long been considered a highly promising material for aerospace thermal protection systems. Conventional alumina aerogels, composed primarily of nanoparticles, tend to undergo phase transformation to α-Al2O3 at temperatures exceeding 1 200 ℃, accompanied by skeleton coarsening and pore collapse. In this study, we utilized inexpensive inorganic raw materials, boehmite micropowders, and leveraged the adsorption of anionic groups on the boehmite surface during the hydrothermal process to synthesize transparent boehmite nanorod sols. Subsequently, we employed the sol-gel method to interconnect these nanorods, successfully fabricating alumina-based nanorod aerogels with excellent thermal stability. The study investigated the microstructural evolution of these aerogels under high-temperature conditions and explored various factors influencing their thermal stability. The experimental results demonstrated that the synthesized aerogels exhibit outstanding comprehensive performance, including excellent heat resistance (withstand temperatures up to 1 400 ℃), ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.016 80—0.025 36 W·m-1·K-1), and low density (0.090 9—0.097 5 g·cm-3). These findings hold great promise for advancing technological progress and innovation in the field of aerospace thermal protection materials.
Key words:  alumina aerogel    boehmite nanorods    hydrothermal reaction    high-temperature resistance
出版日期:  2026-01-10      发布日期:  2026-01-09
ZTFLH:  TB32  
通讯作者:  * 范锦鹏,博士,北京理工大学教授、博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为先进功能复合材料结构制造技术。fanjp@bit.edu.cn   
作者简介:  陈伟,北京理工大学先进结构技术研究院硕士研究生,在范锦鹏教授的指导下开展防隔热材料的研究。
引用本文:    
陈伟, 侯思凡, 王伟, 范锦鹏. 耐高温氧化铝基纳米棒气凝胶的制备与性能研究[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(1): 25020183-9.
CHEN Wei, HOU Sifan, WANG Wei, FAN Jinpeng. Synthesis and Properties of High-temperature-resistant Alumina-based Nanorod Aerogels. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(1): 25020183-9.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25020183  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I1/25020183
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