超润滑薄膜研究进展及在航天领域的应用展望

doi:10.11896/cldb.25030083

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (15): 25030083-9 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25030083

空间润滑材料

超润滑薄膜研究进展及在航天领域的应用展望

汪科良¹, 刑振华¹, 任守志², 赵蒙¹, 周晖¹, 张凯锋^1,*, 成志忠^2,*, 冯兴国¹, 曹珍¹, 贺颖¹

1 兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理全国重点实验室,兰州 730000
2 北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京 100094

Research Progress on Super-lubricating Films and Prospect of Its Astronautical Applications

WANG Keliang¹, XING Zhenhua¹, REN Shouzhi², ZHAO Meng¹, ZHOU Hui¹, ZHANG Kaifeng^1,*, CHENG Zhizhong^2,*, FENG Xingguo¹, CAO Zhen¹, HE Ying¹

1 National Key Laboratory on Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
2 Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China

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摘要固体润滑薄膜以其非挥发性和宽温域适应性,成为空间机构极端环境长效运行的核心保障。近年来,超润滑技术实现从基础研究到宏观尺度的突破,虽未达理论零摩擦,但其在航天领域的技术优势显著。本文聚焦航天领域特殊工况,系统分析过渡金属二硫化物(TMDs)和氢化类金刚石碳(H-DLC)薄膜的超润滑机制,阐明实现宏观尺度超润滑的关键科学问题与技术挑战。TMDs需满足原子级洁净界面、范德华主导机制及非公度接触三大本征条件,通过超晶格异质界面工程、多层梯度薄膜构筑等创新策略,使MoS₂在宏观尺度下也具备超润滑特性;H-DLC真空超润滑依赖碳原子氢钝化效应,通过氢含量调控、元素掺杂及多层复合结构设计解决氢脱附引发的失效问题。建议分阶段推进超润滑固体薄膜技术在航天工程中的应用,在技术发展初期阶段,首先选择一次性机构(压紧释放机构、展开机构),逐步拓展至长寿命连续运行机构,通过持续迭代优化,推动超润滑技术成为新一代航天器的核心支撑技术。

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	汪科良
	刑振华
	任守志
	赵蒙
	周晖
	张凯锋
	成志忠
	冯兴国
	曹珍
	贺颖

关键词: 固体润滑航天应用超润滑过渡金属二硫化物(TMDs) 氢化类金刚石碳(H-DLC)

Abstract: Solid lubricating films, characterized by their non-volatility and broad temperature adaptability, have emerged as critical components ensuring long-term reliability of space mechanisms under extreme environments. Although the superlubricating technology has not reached the theoretical frictionless limit, it has shown remarkable technical advantages in the aerospace field from basic research to macro-scale breakthroughs. This study systematically investigates the superlubricity mechanisms of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC) films under peculiar aerospace operating conditions, and clarifies the critical scientific obstacles and technical challenges for achieving macro-scale breakthroughs. The realization of superlubricity in TMDs necessitates intrinsic conditions including atomically clean interfaces, van der Waals-dominated interaction mechanisms and incommensurate contact configurations, which can be achieved by innovative strategies such as supersurface heterointerface engineering and multilayered gradient architecture. The vacuum superlubricity of H-DLC relies on hydrogen passivation, and the failure problem caused by hydrogen desorption can be solved through hydrogen content regulation, element doping and multilayer composite structure design. It is suggested that the application of superlubricating films in aerospace engineering should be promoted in stages. At the initial stage, superlubricating films can be used to verify disposable mechanisms, such as compression and release mechanisms and expansion mechanisms. Gradually expanding to continuous operation mechanisms, and promoting the new generation of spacecraft with superlubrication technology as the core through continuous iteration.

Key words: solid lubrication astronautical applications superlubricity transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (H-DLC)

出版日期: 2025-08-10 发布日期: 2025-08-13

ZTFLH:

TH117.2

通讯作者: 张凯锋,博士,兰州空间技术物理研究所研究员,硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事超润滑薄膜技术、无机有机粘结涂层技术、新型空间润滑油脂与防爬层材料技术、柔性航天器集成技术等方面的研究。zhangkf510@sina.com
成志忠,北京空间飞行器总体设计部研究员。目前主要从事航天器结构研制等方面的研究。czzfly@sina.com

作者简介: 汪科良,博士,兰州空间技术物理研究所工程师。目前主要从事超润滑薄膜技术、PVD镀膜技术等方面的研究。

引用本文:

汪科良, 刑振华, 任守志, 赵蒙, 周晖, 张凯锋, 成志忠, 冯兴国, 曹珍, 贺颖. 超润滑薄膜研究进展及在航天领域的应用展望[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(15): 25030083-9.
WANG Keliang, XING Zhenhua, REN Shouzhi, ZHAO Meng, ZHOU Hui, ZHANG Kaifeng, CHENG Zhizhong, FENG Xingguo, CAO Zhen, HE Ying. Research Progress on Super-lubricating Films and Prospect of Its Astronautical Applications. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(15): 25030083-9.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25030083 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I15/25030083

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