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材料导报  2025, Vol. 39 Issue (11): 24110091-17    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24110091
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
核电厂放射性废物安全处置技术研究
董舵1,*, 管婧宇1, 王子祺1, 肖逸2
1 中国核电工程有限公司,北京 100840
2 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,北京 102206
Technological Advances in Safe Disposal of Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Plants
DONG Duo1,*, GUAN Jingyu1, WANG Ziqi1, XIAO Yi2
1 China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100840, China
2 School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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摘要 核能是解决能源危机的重要途径,但核能利用产生的放射性废物安全处置至关重要。对于放射性废物,选取特定固化基质禁锢后进行深地质处置是实现其永久屏蔽的有效途径。本文重点介绍了放射性废物处置的最新研发进展,系统阐述了不同放射性废物固化处置技术(水泥固化、沥青固化、聚合物固化、人造岩石固化、玻璃固化)及其熔制工艺(一步罐式工艺、煅烧+感应加热金属熔炉、焦耳加热陶瓷熔炉、冷坩埚),深入探讨了玻璃固化放射性废物技术的设计原则、禁锢机理及应用现状,分析了典型硼硅酸盐/磷酸盐玻璃类基质用于包络放射性核素的特点,指出了未来放射性废物经固化处置的发展路线,以期为推动核工业放射性废物的安全高效处置提供参考。
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董舵
管婧宇
王子祺
肖逸
关键词:  核能  放射性废物  固化技术  熔融炉  硼硅酸盐玻璃  磷酸盐玻璃    
Abstract: Nuclear energy is an effective way to solve the energy shortage, but the safe disposal of radioactive waste generated by nuclear energy utilization is of crucial importance. The immobilization of radioactive waste on specific substrates and deep geological disposal is an effective way to achieve permanent isolation of radioactive waste. This paper focuses on the latest developments in the disposal of radioactive waste, comprehensively elaborating on various immobilization disposal technologies for radioactive waste (cement-matrix immobilization, asphalt-matrix immobilization, crosslinking polymer-matrix immobilization, artificial rock-matrix immobilization, glass melting-matrix immobilization), as well as melting preparation processes (one-step tank method, calcination + induction heating metal furnace, Joule heating ceramic furnace, cold crucible). In addition, the design principles, confinement mechanism, and application status of typical glass immobilization technology are discussed, and the characteristics of typical borosilicate glass and phosphate glass used for immobilization of radioactive waste are analyzed. Finally the paper points out the future development path of radioactive waste immobilization disposal, hoping to provide useful information for promoting the safe and efficient disposal of radioactive waste in nuclear industry.
Key words:  nuclear energy    radioactive waste    immobilization technology    melting furnace    borosilicate glass    phosphate glass
发布日期:  2025-05-29
ZTFLH:  TL94  
通讯作者:  *董舵,博士,中国核工业集团·中国核电工程有限公司高级工程师,核星计划入选者。主要从事核能综合利用、放射性废物安全处置、功能碳材料储能、污染物控制、核安全等方面的研究。dongduoyx@163.com   
引用本文:    
董舵, 管婧宇, 王子祺, 肖逸. 核电厂放射性废物安全处置技术研究[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(11): 24110091-17.
DONG Duo, GUAN Jingyu, WANG Ziqi, XIAO Yi. Technological Advances in Safe Disposal of Radioactive Waste from Nuclear Plants. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(11): 24110091-17.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24110091  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I11/24110091
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