环境友好型土壤重金属修复技术及其应用

doi:10.11896/cldb.21030018

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Abstract Because of the widely reported soil pollution by heavy metals, scholars have conducted a lot of researches on soil remediation. At present, soil remediation policies and evaluation criteria are mainly based on the reduction of the total amount of heavy metals in soil, without enough focus on the speciation change of heavy metals. However, it has be well accepted that heavy metal speciation is the key factor affecting their bioavailability and toxicity.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China stipulated in 2019 that in the control of soil pollution, it is essential to ensure the sustainable use of cultivated land after evaluating remediation technique to the damage and pollution risks to soil. Therefore, how to change the forms of heavy metals and make the agricultural products meet the standards under the premise of minimal or even no damage to the soil environment is a hot spot of soil pollution remediation.
The immobilization/stabilization, plant extraction and microbial remediation techniques are considered environmental-friendly methods to improve soil quality after reducing the bioavailable species or even the total amount of heavy metals in soils. The immobilization/stabilization can reduce the bioavailable fractions of heavy metals in a short term, while its effect can easily disappear in natural scenarios, resulting in the reactivation of fixed heavy metals. Although the phytoremediation and microbial remediation can stably change the bioavailable fractions and total amount of heavy metals, the applications are restricted to the remediation cycle and environmental restrictions.
In this paper, the mechanisms of above three techniques were summarized and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages, environmental risks and application prospects of each remediation technology were expounded. The principles, remediation effects, advantages and defects of different remediation methods were discussed in details from four aspects: improving the bioavailability of heavy metals, promoting biological metabolic activities, adsorbing and immobilizing heavy metals, and improving the soil remediation environment. In order to break through the bottlenecks existing in single remediation techniques and deal with the complex pollution of heavy metals, combined remediations are highly recommended to improve the efficiency of soil remediation. This review paper will provide useful information to develop effective remediation technology for heavy metal contaminated soils.

Key words： soil pollution bioavailability speciation microorganism phytoremediation

Published: 10 March 2023 Online: 2023-03-14

CLC number:

X53

Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China (41977334, 42067055), and Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects (202101AW070008, 202001AS070015).

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	ZHANG Jianguang
	CHEN Quan
	TIAN Luping
	SHI Keting
	WU Min

Cite this article:

ZHANG Jianguang,CHEN Quan,TIAN Luping, et al. Environmental-friendly Remediation Technology and Its Application in Heavy Metal Polluted Soil[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(5): 21030018-11.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.21030018 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2023/V37/I5/21030018

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