高性能锂金属电池负极结构设计及界面强化研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.21010216

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Abstract As the most widely used secondary battery at present, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with graphite anode cannot meet the increasing demands for high energy density storage systems in consequence of the low theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mAh/g). Among all anode candidates, metallic Li has been regarded as the most promising anode for the next generation rechargeable batteries, due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3 860 mAh/g and its lowest redox potential (-3.04 V, versus standard hydrogen electrode). Especially, when Li is coupled with high-energy non-Li-containing cathodes such as S and O₂, the assembled Li-S and Li-O₂ batteries boast a much higher energy density than LIBs, thus deserving to be intensively investigated.
However, low Coulombic efficiency and poor stability have been crucial factors limiting the commercial application of lithium metal batte-ries (LMBs). When directly used as the negative electrode, metallic Li is easy to react with electrolytes, forming a chemically unstable and mechanically fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) between them. The repeated rupture of SEI caused by the drastic volume expansion of anode du-ring continuous cycling will induce the dendrites growth and ‘dead Li' formation, leading to irreversible capacity loss. Furthermore, when lithium dendrites grow to a certain extent, they will penetrate the separator, resulting in cell shorting or even explosion, thus causing serious safety ha-zard.
Extensive efforts have been devoted to dealing with the issues mentioned above, including failure mechanism exploration, structure design and interface enhancement of lithium metal anode. Some advanced technologies, such as introducing 3D, surface modified current collectors and building in-situ/artificial SEI on lithium anode, are effectively applied to inhibit the dendrite growth and alleviate the volume effect based on the widely accepted theoretical models like Chazalviel-Brissot model, Yamaki model and electrostatic shielding model.
This review systematically introduces several typical failure mechanisms of lithium metal anodes and emphatically summarizes the recent key progress in structure design and interface enhancement strategies of lithium metal anode. After analyzing the remaining challenges, some suggestions are also provided to accelerate the commercialization of LMBs.

Key words： lithium metal battery lithium metal anode solid electrolyte interphase lithium dendrite structure design interface enhancement

Published: 25 August 2022 Online: 2022-08-29

CLC number:

TM912

Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China (51771076), Guangdong‘Pearl River Talents Plan' (2017GC010218), and R & D Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province (2020B0101030005).

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	YAO Shiyan
	ZENG Liyan
	LIU Jun

Cite this article:

YAO Shiyan,ZENG Liyan,LIU Jun. Research Progress in Structure Design and Interface Enhancement of Lithium Anode for High-performance Lithium Metal Batteries[J]. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(16): 21010216-11.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/10.11896/cldb.21010216 OR http://www.mater-rep.com/EN/Y2022/V36/I16/21010216

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